UNIX OS
By:
Desmond Dagg
Alannah Storm Mullins
Carl Kavanagh
Gareth Dunne
Behzad Sanehi
Table of Contents

Brief History of UNIX

UNIX operating system

Biography of founder’s

Release timeline

UNIX based systems

UNIX architecture

UNIX File Hierarchy

UNIX File Types

The Shell

Single UNIX Specification 1998

Conclusion
Brief History of UNIX

Programmers for Bell Labs were working on a project called Multics.

But Bell Labs eventually pulled out of this project as it was failing to deliver
a useable system at this time.

A group of 4 programmers in AT&T’s Bell labs began to find an alternative.

By April 1969 a system called UNICS was developed and by that summer UNIX
was developed.
UNIX OS

The Unix operating system is a multiuser, multitasking operating system.

Developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell laboratories.
Kenneth (Ken) Thompson

Born February 4, 1943 – Present

Age 72

New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.

He received a B.S. (1965) and M.S.
(1966) in electrical engineering and
computer science from UC Berkeley.

In 1969, Thompson and colleague
Dennis Ritchie created the UNIX
operating system at Bell Telephone
Laboratories

Thompson won the ACM Turing Award
(1983), the U.S. National Medal of
Technology (1999), and the Japan
Prize (2011), all with Dennis Ritchie.
Dennis Ritchie

Born September 9, 1941

Died October 12, 2011 (aged 70)

Born in Bronxville, New York, U.S.A.

He graduated from Harvard
University with degrees in physics
and applied mathematics and with
a Ph.D. in mathematics (1968).

He created the C programming
language and co-developed (with
Ken Thompson) the UNIX operating
system

Ritchie won the ACM Turing Award
(1983), the U.S. National Medal of
Technology (1999), and the Japan
Prize (2011), all with Ken
Thompson.
Release timeline
1969
The Beginning
1971
First Edition
1986
Ninth Edition
1973
Fourth Edition
Rewritten in C
1975
Sixth Edition
1979
Seventh Edition
1985
Eight Edition
1989
Tenth Edition
1986
Unix system V
Release 3
1987
Unix system V
Release 3,2
1983
Unix system V
1984
Unix system V
Release 2
1988
Unix system V
Release 4
2001
SCO
Open Unix 8.0
1982
Unix system IV
1992
Novell
Unixware 1.0
1981
Unix system III
1995
Novell
Unixware 2.0
1998
SCO
Unixware 7.0
UNIX based systems
UNIX based systems

Since it began to escape from AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the early 1970's, the
success of the UNIX operating system has led to many different versions.

Universities, research institutes, government bodies and computer companies
all began using the powerful UNIX system to develop many of the
technologies.

Soon all the large vendors, and many smaller ones, were marketing their own,
versions of the UNIX system.
UNIX architecture
Shell
Kernel
Utilities
UNIX architecture



Kernel

File management

Memory management

IO management

Process management
Shell

Interprets user commands

executes user commands

Interface between the user and the kernel
Utilities

User made programs

Editors and compilers
System memory
UNIX architecture
UNIX File Hierarchy
directory
"Everything is a file"

directory
All data stored in UNIX is considered
to be a file.
Parent level
Home Directory
directory
file
directory
UNIX File Types




Ordinary Files

written text.

located under a directory file.

Doesn’t contain other files.
Directories

Branching points to other directories.

Can contain ordinary files, special files or other directories.
Special Files

Can represent real physical devices such as a printer, keyboards, terminal.

Two types of I/O: Character and block.
Pipes

Pipes are used to link programs together.
The Shell
[prompt]$ <command> <flags> <args>
blk:~$ ls –l –a
(Optional) arguments
Command Prompt
Command
(Optional) flags
Single UNIX Specification 1998

The Single UNIX Specification is an industry standard description of
the C language program and user command interfaces for a
standard Unix operating system.

An operating system is allowed to use the UNIX trademark if it follows this
spec.

It was developed to ensure that a program developed in one Unix operating
system would run in a somewhat different Unix operating system.

The specification is owned by The Open Group, an industry group which
oversees UNIX certification and branding.
Common Desktop Environment
“
Even the Internet itself, all began life with and because
of UNIX systems. Today, without UNIX systems, the
Internet would come to a screeching halt. Most
telephone calls could not be made, electronic commerce
would grind to a halt and there would have never been
"Jurassic Park"!
The Open Group 1995-2012
”
Conclusion

UNIX is a simple yet powerful operating system.

The internet wouldn’t exist.

Other operating system such as Linux wouldn’t exist.

Apple OS X based on UNIX.
OS X