Human Anatomy And Physiology I
Orientation to Class and the Human Body
Lisa S. Taylor
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy: study of Structure,
includes not only body parts but
their relationships to one
another
Physiology: Study of
Function, or how the body
parts work
Why study Anatomy and Physiology?
 Your body…we all change, get sick or injured, grow
and shrink
 Your career…medical orientation, psychological
orientation, work with sports and athletes, work
with children
 Your family…this course gives you information to
deal with aging parents and siblings, children
 Lifestyle, medical, insurance decisions
General Class Rules and Expectations
 Practice the Golden Rule: I
won’t waste your time, so don’t
waste mine. This means come
to class prepared and on time. I
will do the same.
 No major eating in class. I
would prefer just a water bottle
in class. Never any eating or
drinking in lab.
 Treat everyone in our class with
respect and dignity. We are a
system and we will all get more
out of class when everyone is a
supported part.
 Assignments should be turned
in when due. The most any late
assignment can receive is a 70.
No late assignments will be
accepted after the unit test.
 You are responsible for any
missed work or test due to
absence. You can not take
additional class time to make
up a test or assignment. You
must find another time to come
in for make up work.
 Use your syllabus and class
website for class expectations
and schedules.
Safety in Class and Lab
Safety Objectives:
 Students will use standard
safety practices for all
classroom laboratory and
field investigations.
 Follow correct procedures for use
of scientific apparatus.
 Demonstrate appropriate
technique in all laboratory
situations.
 Follow correct protocol for
identifying and reporting safety
problems and violations.
In order to assure safety in
lab and class, you will be
required to complete the
following assignments.
 Review lab safety videos
 Take lab safety quiz until you
demonstrate 100% mastery.
 Sign lab safety contract
Basic Vocabulary Anatomy/ Physiology
 Macroscopic anatomy
 Gross anatomy
 Regional anatomy
 Systemic anatomy
 Surface anatomy
 Microscopic anatomy
 Cytology
 Histology
 Developmental anatomy
 Embryology
 Pathological anatomy
 Radiographic anatomy
 Systemic physiology
Check your understanding:
 Why would you have
a hard time learning
about and
understanding
physiology if you did
not also study
anatomy?
 ID Anatomy or Physiology
 Investigating how muscles
shorten?
 Exploring the location of the
lungs in the body?
 Identifying organs in the
thoracic cavity?
 Describing how your body
maintains a constant
temperature?
 Listing all parts of
integumentary system?
List in order of smallest to largest:
Atoms
Organisms
Tissues
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Organs
Electrons
Protons
Molecules
Body Systems
Functions Necessary to Maintain Life
 Maintaining boundaries
 Metabolism
 Organismal separation from
 All chemical reactions within
environment
 Cellular boundaries
body cells
 Catabolism, anabolism, cellular
respiration
 Movement
 Externally and internally
 Responsiveness or “irritability”
 Ability to sense changes in
environment and respond to them
 Digestion
 Break down ingested food into
simple molecules that can be
absorbed and used in cells
 Excretion
 Removing wastes from body
 Reproduction
 Cellular level
 Organismal level
 Growth
 Increase in either number of
cells or size of cells
Survival Needs
for all body systems to maintain life
 Nutrients
 Appropriate Temperature
 Where do we get these?
 Normal body temp?
 What are the categories?
 What happens if too low?
 What systems involved in
 What happens if too high?
providing nutrients to body?
 Oxygen
 Appropriate Atmospheric
Pressure
 Where do we get this?
 Define
 Why is this necessary?
 What does atmospheric
 What systems provide oxygen to
body?
 Water
 Why is this so important?
pressure affect?
For each body system, describe the anatomy,
physiology and what survival need it provides
 Integumentary
 Cardiovascular System
System
 Skeletal System
 Muscular System
 Nervous System
 Endocrine System
 Lymphatic System
 Immune System
 Respiratory System
 Digestive System
 Urinary System
 Reproductive System
Homeostasis
 Homeo = the same
 Stasis = standing still
 Homeostasis really isn’t unchanging…its always changing, its
just keeping whatever is changing within relatively narrow
limits
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2YWonZsh_M&featur
e=related
 Homeostasis can be divided into negative and positive
feedback. Most survival needs are negative feedback.
http://www.edcanvas.com/lessons/p-lgMFSpSCiSYA/edit
Other examples of Negative Feedback
Mechanisms?
Why would body need a positive feedback
mechanism? Give another example of
positive feedback.
Homeostatic Imbalance
 Most disease can be regarded as a homeostatic imbalance
 Aging makes our body systems less efficient
 Injury or illness may impair body systems’ ability to maintain
homeostatic balance
 Sometimes feedback loops are just overwhelmed…the systems
involved cannot keep up with the balancing requirements
 Throughout this course, we will address issues of homeostatic
imbalance in each body system we study. I encourage you to
please bring up additional instances of homeostatic imbalance in
each unit.
Language of Anatomy
You are responsible for the following:
• Anatomical Position
• “17” Directional Terms
• Regional Body Terms as outlined in class
• Body Planes and sections
• Body Cavities
• Quadrants of Abdominopelvic cavity
• Nine regions of Abdominopelvic Cavity
Use your text, note taking sheet and our class activities to
complete your notes on this section.
Anatomical Position
Directional Terms
Superior (cranial)
Inferior (caudal)
Ventral (anterior)
Dorsal (posterior)
Medial
Lateral
Intermediate
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
(external)
Deep (internal)
Test yourself
 The patellar region is __ to




the femoral region
The pleura regions are __ to
the integumentary layer
The clavicle is __ and ___to
the sternum
The cardiac region (heart) is
__ to the sternum
The sternum is __ to the
cervical vertebrae
 The navel is __ to the heart
 The skin (integumentary) is




___ to the skeletal muscles
The olecranal region is __ to
the carpal region
The pelvic cavity is __ to the
thoracic cavity
The otic region (ear) is __ to
the acromial region
The plantar region is __ to
the entire body
Body Planes and Sections
What section would result in
right and left lateral sides?
What section would result in
anterior and posterior sides?
What section would result in
superior and inferior sides?
Body
Cavities
ID major organs in each quadrant
VENTRAL CAVITY
MEMBRANES:
Serous Membrane: this double
layered membrane with a slippery
fluid between each layer, also called
the serosa
Parietal serosa: the layer of serosa
that lines the cavity walls
Visceral serosa: the layer of serosa
that covers the organs in the cavity
Serous fluid: thin layer of
lubricating fluid secreted by both
membranes
Pericardium: serous membrane
around the heart
Pleura: around the lung
Peritoneal: abdominal cavity
Online chapter review quiz
Use the following link to access online quiz for each chapter/ topic.
Many students find these quizzes are helpful to prepare for tests.
After you take the quiz the correct answers are provided.
http://teacherpages.hallco.org/webpages/ltaylor1/myquiz.cfm
Choose correct class from drop down menu
Click on the quiz name (not view)
UNG: Access is your first and last name as in D2L and your
password is your first and last initial.