The War that Changed the World
“The only thing we have
to fear, is fear itself.”- FDR
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MS. MERCADANTE
10TH GRADE U.S. HISTORY
Introduction
1939-1945 was a time that devastated and shocked the
world with death, depression, and despair. During this unit
students will learn about topics such as the causes of WWII,
Pearl Harbor, The Battle of the Bulge, Nazi Germany & the
Holocaust, Japanese internment camps, propaganda uses,
war effort in America, etc.
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The Conflict
Begins
America
Enters the
War
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War in
Europe &
the Pacific
Life After
WWII
The Conflict Begins

Recall: What did the Treaty of Versailles after WWI mean
for Germany?

Germany had to:
take full responsibility for the war
pay for war damages
reduce its army to 100,000 men
Could not form alliances, especially with Austria
Forced surrender-could not negotiate terms





The Conflict Begins


Dictatorship

One leader has absolute power over the people

Ex. Tojo in Japan, Hitler in Germany
Fascism
Hitler

Political idea in which power is given to a dictator and the freedoms of
individuals are given away.

Ex. Mussolini in Italy
Mussolini
Tojo
The Conflict Begins

1931- Japan takes over Manchuria


Wanted their resources
Munich Agreement
 aka Appeasement
 Churchill (Britain) and Chamberlain (France) gave into Hitler’s wishes in hopes to prevent
a war
 Gave part of Czechoslovakia for Sudetenland
 1935- Italy invades Ethiopia
 September 1, 1939
 Hitler invaded Poland – WWII Began
 Blitzkrieg
 Non-aggression Pact with Stalin
The Conflict Begins

Germany takes over France- June 22 1940

Bombing of London

September 7, 1940

by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights.

targeted vital industries and transportation centers

Claim civilians were not targeted
The Conflict Begins

Japan takes over French Indochina

Stop supply lines to China
Summary

In this section we have learned what a dictatorship and a fascist
government are and the limitations that are placed on the rights of
the people that are being controlled.

The ways France and Britain unsuccessfully tried to prevent a war
from starting through the Munich Agreement.

How WWII started with Hitler’s invasion of Poland in 1931.

And How Japan is beginning to take control of the Pacific through
invasions of China and control of French Indochina.

Please return to the main menu and take the quiz for
“The Conflict Begins”
The Conflict Begins- Quiz
1.
The Treaty of Versailles impacted Germany in the following ways
except:
A. Making them pay for War costs
B. Dividing Germany into sectors
C. Reducing their military
D. Taking full responsibility for the war
The Conflict Begins- Quiz

The Munich Agreement allowed Hitler to:
A. Invade Poland
B. Claim Parts of Czechoslovakia for the
Sudetenland
C. Split control of Poland with Russia
D. Take control of France
The Conflict Begins-Quiz

Why did Tojo want to take over French Indochina?
A. Cut off supply lines to China
B. Get closer to Vietnam
C. To help Hitler get into the Pacific
D. Create an alliance with China
Correct!

The Treaty of Versailles did not divide Germany into different sectors.
Do you think it would have helped if it did?
Return to Quiz
Incorrect….

The Treaty of Versailles did require Germany to reduce their army to
very low levels, prohibited them from owning certain types of
weapons, and forced them to agree to going into a state of
disarment.
Return to Quiz
Incorrect…

The Treaty of Versailles did require Germany to accept full
responsibility as the aggressor of the war and all the damages it
caused to The Allies.
Return to Quiz
Incorrect…

By taking full responsibility for the war, Germany was also responsible
for paying war damages done to the Allies. Europe as a whole after
WWII went into massive depression for example England used the
money Germany gave them to repay the U.S. for aid and
equipment used during WWII.
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Correct!

Hitler wanted part of Czechoslovakia to reunite the Slavic people to
Germany. Churchill and Chamberlain gave in to these demands
hoping that it would prevent a war.
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Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because Hitler invaded Poland on his own terms on
September 1, 1939, starting WWII
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Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because it was the Non-Aggression Pact that split
Poland between Hitler and Stalin.
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Incorrect…

“D” is incorrect because Hitler invaded France on his own terms on
June 22, 1940.
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Correct!

Tojo wanted to make sure China was not able to receive supplies
from any of the Allies. He wanted total control of the pacific
because he felt that the Japanese were the most superior.

Congratulations you have completed “The Conflict Begins” quiz,
please return to the main menu to begin the next section.
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because Tojo was not specifically going after
Vietnam but the Pacific as a whole.
Return to Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because Hitler was not after the Pacific and actually
gave Tojo French Indochina because he had control of France.
Return to Quiz
Incorrect…

“D” is incorrect because Tojo wanted to control China, not become
allies with them.
Return to Quiz
America Enters the War


Isolationist America

The majority of America wanted nothing to do with the war because of
the effects from WWI.

FDR claimed America as being neutral but it became clear that the US
was loyal to Great Britain over Germany.
Peacetime Draft


FDR knew that war was becoming inevitable and began building up the
U.S. army to be prepared for it.
Lend-Lease Act

This act helped Britain get supplies from the U.S. without having to spend
money that was needed for the war.
America Enters the War

Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941, “A date which will live in infamy!”-FDR

Japanese Kamikaze pilots attacked U.S. Naval Base.

Fortunately the Pacific Fleet’s three aircraft carriers were out of port
on training exercises and were not attacked.

U.S. officially declares war on Japan.
America Enters the War

Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declare war on
America.

U.S. is now fighting a 2 front war!

Germany, Italy, Japan- Axis Powers

Britain, France, Soviet Union, U.S.- Allies

Germany invades Soviet Union in summer of 1941.
America Enters the War

Factories were converted to help the war effort. For example
automobile industries switched to making tanks.

Food became rationed, for example on “Meatless” days people
wouldn’t eat meat to be able to send more to the soldiers.

People were also encouraged to plant victory gardens and grow their
own vegetables.
America Enters the War
The government used propaganda to get
Americans on board to help with the war effort.
America Enters the War

Japanese Interment Camps

U.S. Department of Justice kept people of Japanese
dissent in interment camps because they were afraid of
their allegiance belonging to Japan and terrorist
attacks happening.
Summary
In this section we have learned how FDR prepared an isolationist
America for war, how the government got Americans for the war effort
through various types of propaganda and the various ways Americans
at home helped the soldiers abroad. We discussed the Japanese
internment camps and how persons of Japanese descent were
treated during WWII.
Please click on the “main menu” button below and continue on to
the “America Enters the War” quiz.
America Enters the War- Quiz
What was the majority view in America for the war?
A. Americans sympathized with the British and
wanted to fight along side them.
B. The Americans thought this would be the
Great War and would prevent any other world
wars from happening.
C . Americans sympathized with the British but did
not want to become involved.
America Enters the War- Quiz
What was Pearl Harbor?
A. Japanese attack on U.S. naval base
B. German defense attack on American troops
C. Japanese attack on U. S. soldiers at Midway.
America Enters the War- Quiz
After the attack at Pearl Harbor, America became very suspicious
of the Japanese people that lived in the country. What did America do
to combat this paranoia?
A. Sent them back to Japan
B. Moved them into internment camps
C. Kept them in prisons around the country
Correct!

The majority view of America was to be isolationist and not become
involved in the war fought “over there”. FDR labeled the U.S. as
neutral but it became obvious that U.S. remained loyal to Britain
through events such as the Lend-Lease Act.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because America’s view was to be isolationist and
not become a part in the war that was fought in Europe after
suffering the damage done from WWI.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because this was America’s view toward WWI not
WWII.
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Quiz
Correct!

Pearl Harbor was a Japanese attack on the U.S. Naval base, this
was the spark of America’s entrance into the war in the Pacific.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because it was the name of a Japanese attack on a
U.S. Naval Base, not a German defensive.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because at this point in the War the Battle at
Midway had not happened yet.
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Quiz
Correct!

The U.S. government was afraid that Japanese- Americans would
keep their loyalty with Japan and commit terrorist attacks around
the country. To prevent this the U.S. Department of Justice set up
internment camps to keep people of Japanese decent in a
designated area to keep a closer watch on them.

Congrats! You have finished the “America Enters the War” Quiz,
please go back to the main menu and continue on to the next
section.
Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because most of the Japanese sent to the
internment camps were U.S. citizens.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because the internment camps were specific to
people of Japanese decent, not a public prison.
Return to
Quiz
War in Europe and the Pacific
 The Holocaust

Mass murder of 6 million European Jews, 5 million Soviets,
Gypses, Homosexuals, Mentally ill, Elderly.

Kristallnacht
 “Night


of the Broken Glass”
Jewish businesses and synagogues were destroyed
Nuremburg Laws
 Revoked
 Ban
non-Aryans of their German citizenship
on relations and marriages between Aryans and nonAryans
War in Europe and the Pacific

Ghettos
 Moved
Jews from their homes, took their belongings
 Liquidation
Concentration/Death Camps
 Auschwitz,

mass murder of people inside the ghettos.
Berger-Belsen (Anne Frank)
Liberated by Allied & Soviet forces between 1944 & 1945
 No
where to go
 Malnutrition
War in Europe and the Pacific

Advancements in war technology


Airplanes, Chemical warfare
D-Day Invasion of Normandy, France
- June 6, 1944
- Operation Overlord
-Successfully misled German troops

Victory in Europe (V-E Day) May 8, 1945
War in Europe and the Pacific


Battle at Midway

Major victory for the U.S.

Wanted for naval base
Manhattan Plan

The A-bomb

Truman decided that it was the best solution because it would end the
war in the Pacific quickly and bring American soldiers home.

Two bombs were dropped



One in Iwo Jima and one in Okinawa
Japan was forced into unconditional surrender
War in the Pacific ends- August 15, 1945
Summary

In section lesson we have learned about the Holocaust and the
torture the prisoners endured, how the war in Europe ended with Dday, and Truman’s tough decision in the Manhattan Plan that
made it possible to end the war in the Pacific quickly.

Please click on the “Main Menu” button below and continue on to
the “War in Europe and the Pacific” quiz.
War in Europe and the Pacific- Quiz

What was a ghetto in reference to the Holocaust?
A. An area where Jews were placed before they
were moved to concentration or death camps.
B. A bad neighborhood in Nuremburg that was
overrun by drug wars.
C. Hitler’s secret underground hideout that he
lived in during the war because he was afraid of
being assassinated.
War in Europe and the Pacific- Quiz

What was Operation Overlord (Dday)?
A. American offensive against the Japanese
that resulted in the A-bomb.
B. American offensive against Germany when
they successfully tricked German troops in
Normandy.
C. American offensive against the Italians that
resulted in the fall of Mussolini
War in Europe and the Pacific-Quiz

What was Truman’s final decision with the Manhattan
Plan?
A. He decided against it because of the
death and destruction it would bring to the
people of Japan.
B. He was unable to make the decision
and passed it down to the Vice President to
decide.
C. He decided that it would be the best
option to end the war quickly.
Correct!

The Jews were relocated from their homes to a ghetto and stripped
of their belongings before being sent to concentration or death
camps. They would live with many families in one room and only
those who were given permission to work were allowed to leave the
Ghetto during the day.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because the Holocaust had nothing to do with drug
wars.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is wrong because it was called a bunker, not a ghetto.
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Quiz
Correct!

The American troops were able to successfully mislead the German
troops to believe that they were going to invade France from
another location, making the German troops move from Normandy
and enabled the American soldiers to successfully storm the
beaches of Normandy.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because it was the Manhattan Plan that dealt with
dropping the A-bomb on Japan.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is wrong because Italy collapsed earlier into the war.
Return to
Quiz
Correct!

Truman felt that it would be the best way because it would end the
war in the Pacific quickly and bring American troops home. He said
he wouldn’t be able to live with himself if he had a way to end the
war and bring sons, fathers, husbands home and did not use it.

Congrats! You have completed “The War in Europe and the Pacific”
quiz, please go back to the main menu and continue on to the next
section.
Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because there was not a great sympathy felt toward
the Japanese people because of Pearl Harbor.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because Truman did not pass any decisions down to
the Vice President regarding the Atom bomb, the vice president
didn’t even know the Manhattan Plan existed until it was set to
happen.
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Quiz
Life After WWII

The Cost of War
 Europe

in a Great Depression
Soldiers return home
 GI
Bill
 Gave
soldiers benefits to attend school
Life After WWII

Changes at home
 Women
in the workforce
 Soldiers
come back and want to resume their jobswomen don’t want to return to housewife role.

The Baby Boom
A
rapidly increased birth rate as soldiers coming home
rush to start a family
Life After WWII

The U.N.

The Division of Germany
 The
Berlin Wall
 Life
in Communist East and Capitalist West Germany
Life After WWII

A new role for the U.S.
 Emergence

New Threats to Peace
 Start
of the Cold War with Russia
 Space
 Arms

as a world power
Race
Race
Changes in Japan
Summary

In this section we have learned about the devastation and
depression the war brought to European economies, how America
emerged as a world power and affects such as the Baby Boom that
were brought on by returning soldiers, the division of Germany, and
the competitive relationship that was forming between the U.S. and
Soviet Russia.

Please click on the “main menu” button below and continue on to
the “Life After WWII” quiz.
Life After WWII-Quiz

What did the GI Bill do?
A. Made Germany pay America for
war damages
B. Helped returning American
soldiers pay for their education
C. Ensured returning soldiers their
prewar jobs.
Life After WWII- Quiz

What happened to Germany after WWII?
A. It was divided amongst the
Allies into four sectors
B. It was taken over by Soviet
Russia
C. Nothing happened but it was
required to pay for war damages
Life After the War- Quiz

What was the relationship between U.S. and Russia after
the war?
A. Great, the war strengthened
their alliance
B. Competitive, events such as the
space race and arms race took
place
C. Indifferent, each country was
too concerned with rebuilding
their economy.
End of Unit
Correct!

When all the soldiers were returning home, not all of their prewar
jobs were still available because many had been taken by women
and African Americans. To help the unemployed soldiers the
government established the GI Bill so soldiers could attend school
and start a career.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“A” is incorrect because even though Germany was forced to pay
for war damages it was through their conditions of surrender, not the
GI Bill.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because the GI Bill was established based on the
fact that returning soldiers typically did not have a job to return to.
Return to
Quiz
Correct!

After WWII Germany was divided into four sectors, A French Zone, A
British Zone, An American Zone, and A Soviet Russian Zone. They felt
this was the best option to prevent another war but the outcome of
this division was capitalism v. communism as a competitive
relationship formed between the U.S. and Soviet Russia, starting the
Cold War.
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Quiz
Incorrect…

“B” is incorrect because Soviet Russia did obtain a sector of
Germany but did not control all of Germany.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because Germany was divided into four sectors to
ensure the rise of Nazism would not happen again.
Return to
Quiz
Correct!

After WWII a competitive relationship formed between the U.S. and
Soviet Russia resulting in events such as the space race to send the
first person to the moon and the arms race to see who could build
the first nuclear weapon.
Congrats! You have finished the “Life After the War” Quiz, please click
the “end of unit” button.
End of Unit
Incorrect…

“A ” is incorrect because the two countries were at odds with each
other. While this opposition between America and Soviet Russia was
labeled as a Cold War the intensity of competition always lead to
fear of another war.
Return to
Quiz
Incorrect…

“C” is incorrect because the two countries were at odds with each
other. While this opposition between America and Soviet Russia was
labeled as a Cold War the intensity of competition always lead to
fear of another war.
Return to
Quiz
End of the Unit!

Now that we have completed the overview unit we
have a better understanding of what the second World
War was and why it became known as the War that
Changed the World.

Please click on the “return to title slide” to restart the
program for the next student.
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