GIS religion ?
john r schmidt, Master of Science
john@NCAD.net
• B.A. 1972 Williams College, major: religion
• 1973 - 76 U. Cincinnati College of Medicine
• M.S. 1985 U. Cincinnati College of Engineering,
Electrical & Computer Engineering
• 1989 ... President, NCAD Corporation
1989 Partner with hp, intel, and Microsoft
1989 ESRI Business Partner
1992 ESRI Authorized Training Program
1994 BBB and Chamber of Commerce
1996 operating 1st CORS in eastern US interior - Erla
GIS religion ?
• quick review of GIS of religion
• time travel to early Earth
• trace precedents to our current world view,
the basis of GIS
uncharted world
uncharted space
GIS of religions
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/religion/
Fledgling GIS of religion
http://www.ecai.org/Activities/2006Fargo/presentations.html
http://www.thepoliscenter.iupui.edu/tpc/projects/347.aspx
http://www.glenmary.org/grc/
http://www.religionatlas.org/
GIS of religion at IU
NARA QuickMap
GIS of religion
GIS of religion
Data
GIS of religion
Data
• places of religion
• ideas of religion
• people of religion
GIS of religion
Data
people of religion
•
•
•
•
•
mixing
flux
transience
uncertainty
diaspora
religion GIS
religion science GIS
religion science art GIS
evolving
L
Religion
World
I
Science
E
R
Art
View
www.Scotese.com
www.Scotese.com
www.Scotese.com
www.Scotese.com
www.Scotese.com
Humans arise
http://www.stanford.
edu/~harryg/protect
ed/evolve5.htm
mya
2
australopithecines
3
10
25
40
55
Babylon 14 Million years Ago
Ice Age
Mesopotamia -16,000
-1400
Genesis 2: 7-14
Today’s New International Version
7 Then the LORD God formed a man [a] from the dust of the ground
and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became
a living being.
8 Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden;
and there he put the man he had formed.
9 The LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—
trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle
of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of
good and evil.
10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was
separated into four headwaters.
11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire
land of Havilah, where there is gold.
12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin [b] and onyx are
also there.)
13 The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the
entire land of Cush. [c]
14 The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east
side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
Mesopotamia +2000
Ur
Haran
Mesopotamia +2000
WorldSat
how do we get food?
where are we protected?
tools shelter
from whence we come?
evolving World View
evolving World
World View
evolving
View
1.
earth is terrain; sky is moving domain of gods Babylon/China -3000
2.
earth is convex, like the shell of a turtle
3.
earth is terrain; nightly heavens a cool tent for the almighty sun - 1000
4.
earth is convex; sky objects revolving with regular, chartable patterns -322
5.
earth is sphere; centered in universe -200 Eratosthenes
6.
planets wander around earth in arcs across background of fixed stars -100
7.
earth is planet among others orbiting in circles; sun is central
Copernicus
8.
earth is spherical planet revolving sun 1600
9.
revolutions are circular; with epicycles
10.
revolutions are elliptical 1609 Kepler
1543
-1000
Psalm 19
Today’s New International Version
1 The heavens declare the glory of God;
the skies proclaim the work of his hands.
2 Day after day they pour forth speech;
night after night they display knowledge.
3 They have no speech, they use no words;
no sound is heard from them.
4 Yet their voice [b] goes out into all the earth,
their words to the ends of the world.
In the heavens he has pitched a tent for the sun,
5 which is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber,
like a champion rejoicing to run his course.
6 It rises at one end of the heavens
and makes its circuit to the other;
nothing is deprived of its warmth.
the Greeks
Socrates (-470-399) said that he did not teach, but
rather served, like his mother, as a midwife to truth that
is already in us! Making use of questions and answers
to remind his students of knowledge is called maieutics
(midwifery), or the Socratic method. He introduced
monotheism against the prevalence of variety of gods.
This gave the leading citizens of Athens the excuse
they needed to sentence the fun-loving teacher to
death for corrupting the morals of the youth of the
city. In 399, he was ordered to drink hemlock, which
he did in the company of his students.
Although he left behind no writings, one student, Plato,
was inspired to form the Academy in Athens, enduring
for a millennium.
Aristotle (-384 - 322),
son of the Greek court
physician, first studied
medicine, then to
Athens, at
Plato’s Academy.
After Plato's death,
Aristotle traveled
widely, teaching
Alexander the Great,
who then conquered
Athens, where Aristotle
returned to establish
his own school,
The Lyceum.
Aristotle
(-350) On the Heavens
The question as to the nature of the whole, whether it is infinite in size or limited in its
total mass, is a matter for subsequent inquiry.
First, however, we must explain what we mean by 'heaven' and in how many senses we
use the word, in order to make clearer the object of our inquiry.
•
•
•
(a) In one sense, then, we call 'heaven' the substance of the extreme
circumference of the whole, or that natural body whose place is at the
extreme circumference. We recognize habitually a special right to the name
'heaven' in the extremity or upper region, which we take to be the seat of all
that is divine.
(b) In another sense, we use this name for the body continuous with the
extreme circumference which contains the moon, the sun, and some of the
stars; these we say are 'in the heaven'.
(c) In yet another sense we give the name to all body included within
extreme circumference, since we habitually call the whole or totality 'the
heaven'. The word, then, is used in three senses.
Aristotle - On the Heavens
• Since changes evidently occur not only in the position of the stars
but also in that of the whole heaven, there are three possibilities.
Either
– (1) both are at rest, or
– (2) both are in motion, or
– (3) the one is at rest and the other in motion.
(1) That both should be at rest is impossible; for, if the earth is at
rest, the hypothesis does not account for the observations; and we
take it as granted that the earth is at rest. It remains either that
both are moved, or that the one is moved and the other at rest.
Math
• geometry evolved from (-1500) Egyptian
use of stick in ground—gnomon--to
measure the movement of sun.
• The sundial was optimized when the
gnomon was tilted north at angle 23º 27’
consistent with axial tilt of Earth.
Euclid (-325 – 265)
• Euclid established a method of reasoning,
applicable to plane geometry, organized
with self-evident axioms and rules guiding
logical deduction by provable steps
leading to a derived truth.
• His method of reasoning has been utilized
since more generally.
keep looking
http://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/
40,074
23º 27’
Hipparchus (-190 -120)
• Father of
Trigonometry
• Scientific geography
originated with his
invention of the
method of fixing
terrestrial positions
by circles of latitude
and longitude.
Dm=D/Ø
Ptolemy (+87 – 150)
• fundamental model:
– Earth is sphere; centered in
universe
• 1st cartographer, by way of
map projection
• This world view remained
for 1500 years, during
formation of Christianity.
faulty science
• While folks were thrilled with the useful maps
projected from Ptolemy’s model,
• astronomically, Ptolemy’s model was
complicated by adjustments to planetary orbits
needed to account for observed irregular
(planetary) motions. Circular motions were
presumed and epicycles were added to correct
the timings not consistent with perfectly circular
orbits around Earth.
faulty science
After all, science has to set up hypotheses and
test them within the constraints of the times. Its
discoveries are only valid for as long as
experiment and observation continue to support
the hypotheses as true.
Science cannot promise eternal truths; only the
elimination of false hypotheses and the
establishment of what is currently the most likely
explanation of an aspect of reality.
David Filkin, Stephen Hawking’s Universe, Pg 29.
http://galileo.rice.edu/chr/inquisition.html
Emperor Constantine I (280?-337 ) made
Christianity the state religion of the Roman
Empire and the local administrative
structures were pulled together into one
hierarchy centered in Rome. Doctrinal
arguments were settled by Church
Councils, beginning with the Council of
Nicea in 325 -which formulated the Nicean Creed.
St. Augustine (354-430)
In 426, at North African coast, developed monasticism enabling literary
development, leading to
City of GOD, foundation of scholasticism, leading to...
through the Dark Ages (476 – 1000)...
St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274)
studied Aristotle at U. Paris, writing (unto death) Summa
Theologica,
continuing base of modern Roman Catholicism;
simultaneously establishing the basis of modern scientific
empiricism: that
truth is derived from direct observation.
Existence of GOD derives from observation and reasoning.
http://galileo.rice.edu/chr/inquisition.html
In 1231, Pope Gregory IX published a
decree which called for
• life imprisonment with salutary penance for
the heretic who had confessed and
repented
• those who persisted were burned at the
stake executed by secular authorities.
1500
Science and Religion are one.
Scientists emerged from church-sponsored
monasteries as learned priests.
Fundamental world view:
GOD is creator of the
Earth-centered Universe
consistent with Ptolemy’s model.
breaks in the Church...
Science marches on
• Martin Luther (1483-1530)
in Germany, breaks from Church citing Pope’s
failure to reform obsession with “indulgences”.
• John Calvin (1509-1564) spreads Reformism
from Germany to England
• Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1625) England,
established the basis for the scientific method of
deductive reasoning.
Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)
• Polish priest, deduced a simpler
model with Sun at center of
planets including Earth.
• This was potentially heresy to the
church, long comfortable with
Ptolemy’s obviously proven model.
Afraid of the inquisition, he waited to
publish.
• His publication, at death, was in
(scientific) Latin, and not widely read.
• Also, his model, though vastly
improved presumed, not quite
correctly, circular orbits.
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Denmark, after studies
in Germany, built an observatory near
Copenhagen and carefully charted, without
telescope, orbits while teaching Astronomy.
Kepler joined Brahe as assistant, during Brahe’s
year of death, after which Kepler assumed the
chair vacated by Brahe, Europe’s most prestigious
“Imperial Mathematician”.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) German
astronomer, theoretician, proposed planetary
orbits are elliptical. Avoiding CounterReform,
he continued Brahe’s chair before developing
theory of optics while using the new telescope
reported by Galileo. He published results
confirming elliptical planetary orbits in 1627,
consistent with Brahe’s observations.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
mathematician, studied Euclid’s Elements.
Still teaching Earth is center, he discovered the
isochronous pendulum.
After Leeuwenhoek developed the first
microscope from the same principle of 2
lenses in a tube, Galileo pushed the envelope,
developing the telescope beyond emerging
developments of “spyglass”.
Galileo's observations led him to confirm the CopernicusKepler thesis previously published in Latin. Galileo published
in Italian in 1610 Starry Messenger which was more widely
read by church parishioners, arousing the inquisition
bureaucracy. In the context of the Protestant challenge, the
Church reacted.
To appease the Church, he developed a compromise document
which “allowed” both world views. However, with the printing of
Galileo's book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World
Systems, Galileo was called to Rome in 1633 to face the
Inquisition again. He was sentenced to life-remaining house
arrest in Florence where he became blind and died in 1642.
I do not feel obliged to
believe that the same god
who has endowed us with
sense, reason and intellect
has intended us to forgo
their use.
--- Galileo
In 1979, the Voyager space craft
photographed Jupiter and its moons.
Galileo identified these 4 largest. All he
saw with his 8x telescope were 4 spots,
whose position changed from day to day.
Stephen Hawking’s Universe, pg 43
GOD
Entropy
the ever increasing degradation of (mass+energy), as heat is dissipated there from.
Event
an interval of increase in time since the BigBang.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Subsequent to BigBang, within any defined system,
the sum of total (mass + energy), related by e=Mc², cannot be increased;
and is decreased only by the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
For any event in the Universe, there is increased entropy,
and decreased total (mass + energy).
Third Law of Thermodynamics
The Universe will never be entirely dead, though approach complete death
asymptotically.
Asymptotically
The value of a function, in this case temperature, approaching a value, in this
case 0°K, without ever reaching the target value, while coming increasingly close.
While we cannot fathom the presumed context of infinite void, GOD.0,
in the Beginning, to which science can trace,
occurred the BIG BANG. GOD !!
more precisely, GOD.1 (basis for First Law of Thermodynamics).
14,000,000,000 years later, the explosion continues,
following The Second Law of Thermodynamics, GOD.2.
Within the explosion, Sun is our nearest chunk of GOD.1
4,600,000,000 years ago, our mother Earth was formed,
a cooling, aggregate ember of GOD.1.
1,000,000,000 years ago, on Earth, arose Life, GOD.3.
Life is fathomably complex, fascinating, knowable, and
a temporary anomaly within GOD.2
From Life arises Love, GOD.4.
Love is GOD. GOD is Love.
My (wife, family, and community) is my closest contact with
GOD.
My Love, GOD.4, seeks to facilitate Life, GOD.3 for all.
Interestingly, with regard to Life,
it is the case that GOD.2 = Evil !
GOD is All. GOD.n (including Evil !)
Evil, GOD.2, leads us to death.
Dancing is Good. Smoking is Evil.
(Arrangements resulting in pornography) is Evil.
Evil is sometimes direct, as in 9/11, or Katrina,
and often subtly indirect, but always a consequence of
The Second Law
.
Natural Gas
H
H C H
H
H C C H
H H
H C C O H
H H H H H H
H C C C C C C O O H
H H H H
H
H C C C C C C
H H H H H H
H H H H H
H C C C C C C O O H
H H H H H
H H H H H H
For Life to arise, and thrive,
it is necessary to isolate Life from the impact of
The Second Law.
We can do that increasingly well, but eventually,
we die, faithful to GOD.2.
where is the hope?
for what do i live?
my soul !
i love to live. i live to love !
Perhaps we should, in all we do, and cause,
be more aware, more attentive to entropy,
the silent, unseen dissipation of (mass+energy)
manifest in very visible catastrophes such as hurricanes,
mishaps, and terrorism.
Global Warming is perhaps one symptom of our blindness.
GOD bless you.
comments?
Thank you, sincerely,
john@ncad.net