The 24th Conference of the JAIH at Sendai
Workshop:
Development of International Health Experts
Education and Competencies for
International Collaborators in
Nursing and Midwifery
Junko Tashiro, RN, PhD
WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing in PHC
St. Luke’s College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
August 6th 2009
Greetings from
St. Luke’s College of Nursing
St. Luke's College of Nursing,
Main Building in Tokyo Japan
2
Contents


To overview our work on capacity development
of Japanese nurses collaborating with
partners in host countries
To share our experience on developing a
curriculum of Master Program for Global
Health Nursing to build capacity of Japanese
nurse collaborators working with partners in
host countries based on our studies
How does Nursing Education in Japan
obtain Goals of Global Health?

Emerging an area of “Global or International
Health Nursing & Midwifery”
- 1960’s :Japanese nurses began working for development of nursing and health in host countries (Mori,1999).
-1996 : Regulation of Basic Nursing Education enacted:
BSN programs started “International nursing”.
-2009 : Revised Regulation of Basic Nursing Education :
Diploma Program have to start teaching “International
Nursing” or “Disaster Nursing”
Current Situation of Higher Education in
Global Health or International Nursing
and Midwifery




Based on Web-based survey (Tashiro et al, 2008)
Some kind of “Global Health or International
Nursing” is provided
67(40%) out of the 168 baccalaureate nursing
programs
16(15%) out of the 104 master’s programs
3 out of the 4 midwifery master programs
13 out of the 47 nursing programs
2008: International or Global Health Midwifery
and Nursing Consortium was formed
Designing a Curriculum for
an International Nursing
Master’s of Science in Japan:
Capacity Building for International Collaborators
to Strengthen Nursing and Midwifery
WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing in PHC
St. Luke’s College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
Junko Tashiro,RN PhD; Naoko Hayashi, RN, PhD; Fumiko Kajii, RN, PhD;
Yoshimi Yamazaki, RN, MNS; Akiko Hayashi, RN, MS; Hiromi Eto, RN, CNM,
DNSc; Yumi Sakyo, RN, MNS; Shigeko Horiuchi, RN, CNM, DNSc.
Funded by a Grant for International Medical Cooperation Study, International
Medical Center in Japan
(2002~2004)
Background



Japanese nurses have cooperated with
their counter-parts in developing
countries since 1960.
Today number of Japanese nurses &
nurse-midwives are working in order to
strengthen nursing & Midwifery in
developing countries
Limited opportunities existed for
advanced education as a specialist
collaborator in Global Health or
International Nursing.
Purpose

To design a specialty of International
Nursing in a master’s program in Japan,
based on “competencies of international
nursing collaborators” for nurses who
are interested in working for and in
developing countries.
Method

First Phase: Study the existing competencies
of Nurse International Collaborators
Data collection: Interview survey
Participants:
Japanese nurses who worked or are
working for more than one year in
developing countries to strengthening
that country’s nursing and midwifery.
Analysis: Content analysis
 Second Phase: Curriculum Development
A conceptual framework of “International
Nursing Collaboration” was derived from the
data.
Findings



Snow-ball sampling technique located twentysix (26) nurses who were interviewed
39 categories of competences were derived
from interview data.
2 major types of categories: personal and basic
knowledge and competencies and
international collaborating competences.

They were organized into 4 levels of education:
undergraduate, continuing-ed, graduatemasters, and graduate-doctoral level of
education.
A Model of Competencies of
International Nursing Collaborators (Experts )
Activiti es o f Coll ab or atio n Ta sk
Nur
sing
Ac tiv
ities
Area ＆ Levels
Polic y making
Gov ernmental
Adminis tration
Clinic al
From preparation
To planning
Organiz ational
Nurs ing educ ation Team
Implementation
Community
Profes s ional
organiz ation
Indiv idual
Evaluation
Host countr y
Com pete ncies
Educational
Pr ogr am s
Collec ting Information
Interna tional Nurs ing
As s es s ment
Res earc h Progra m
Netw orking
(Doc toral)
Planning
Implementing
Gradua te： M as ter
Problem Analys is
Interna tional Nurs ing
Problem Solv ing
Spec ialis t Progra m
Spec ialty
Know ledge of
Global Health and Nurs ing
On job：
Pers onal competenc ies
g of
Trainin
Cultural Unders tanding &
Interna tional Nurs ing
Adaptation
Guidel ine
Applic ability
L anguage &
Communication
Japan
Cultural/ Ec onomic al/Soc ial Situation
Cultural/ Ec onomic al/Soc ial Situation
Underg raduate：
Cultura l Experi ence
Introdu c tion of
Interna tional Nurs ing
Both Organiz ation
Soc ial Status & Situation of Nurs ing Soc ial Status & Situation of Nurs ing
Relations hip w ith Other Agenc ies and Projec ts
Fact
Factororssinf
influe
luencin
ncinggCol
Collab
labororatio
ationn
Fig. Competencies of International Nursing Collaborator andEduc ational Programs
Competencies and Educational
Content for Undergraduates
Personal & Basic Knowledge Educational
Content &Competencies
Cultural Adaptability
Applicability
Language &
Communication Skill
Basic knowledge of
International Nursing
Cultural Experience
Language and
Communication
Introduction of
International
Nursing
Data-Driven Competencies for
International Nursing Collaborator







Information gathering
Problem Analysis
Planning
Problem Solving
Management
Networking
Evaluation
Curriculum for Global Health Nursing
in Master’s Program
Educational Aim :
To provide students with the basic
skills to serve as leaders in the
nursing field in “Global Health”,
adding knowledge and skills in
international public health medical
services to their own specialist
nursing abilities.
Learning Objectives of Master
in Global Health Nursing
• Increase specialized knowledge of international nursing,
based on fundamental skills ( e.g. Language ability,
cultural adaptability)
•Strengthen ability:
a) to make an accurate assessment of nursing issue in the
specialized field of international cooperation, covering
different cultural, socioeconomic, and public health
systems.
b) to plan cooperation and assistance projects responding
to the nursing needs of the counterpart nation.
Continued - Learning Objectives
c) to build collaborative relationships with local
counterparts, forming a practical model, and
serving as a consultant and educator
d) to use human and material resources to set
directions in development and problem solving to
achieve goals
e) to evaluate the results of international nursing
collaborative projects
f) to assist in nursing development using methods
unique to the counterpart nation
Core Courses (6 Credit hours)



Introduction to international nursing (2)
International nursing collaboration (2)
Comparative nursing research (2)
Elective Courses (6 credits)






Comparative nursing policy making (2)
Comparative community health &
nursing (2)
Comparative nursing education (2)
Comparative nursing administration (2)
Comparative clinical nursing (2)
Comparative nursing research
collaboration (2)
Thesis Research (8)
Practicum (2)
Core Courses (6)
Nursing management &
administration (2)
Nursing education (2)
Community nursing (2)
Clinical nursing (2)
12
)
Nursing research (2),
Nursing theory (2),
Statistics (2)
Nursing ethics (2),
Anatomy & Physiology(2),
Pathology(2),
Nursing Sociology(2)，
Nursing psychology (2),
Basic Subjects (
1st Year
12
)
Introduction to international nursing (2)
International nursing collaboration (2)
Comparative nursing research (2)
Elective Minor Courses (6)
Comparative nursing policy making (2)
Comparative community health and
nursing (2)
Comparative nursing education (2)
Comparative nursing administration (2)
Comparative clinical nursing (2)
Comparative nursing research
collaboration (2)
Major fields (
2nd Year
Fig. Global Health Nursing Curriculum Diagram
Progress of Master’s Program
in Global Health Nursing



Our Master’s program in Global Health
Nursing started in 2005, and two students
were enrolled.
Last three years, total of four graduates
completed the program, and two are working
as International Collaborators in Tanzania
and Indonesia.
Further development is needed to meet
educational needs of nurses and midwives
working for Improvement of Global Health
Acknowledgements



We wish acknowledge advisors: Dr. William
Holzemer, Dr. Caroline White, Dr. Beverly
McElmurry; and our English editor. Dr. Sarah
Porter.
We also acknowledge our previous research
members: Prof. Michiko Hishinuma, Dr.
Naoko Arimori, Masako Sakai, RN, MNS;
Yuko Hirabayashi, RN, MNS.
This study was funded by a Grant for
International Medical Cooperation, National
International Medical Center in Japan,
Ministry of Health and Labor in Japan