The Renaissance
AKS 38
Ch. 17
EQ
• What is the Renaissance and what
brought about this change?
• What were the impacts of the
Renaissance and how does it still resonate
today?
What differences do you notice
between Medieval art/architecture
versus Renaissance art/architecture?
Art and Architecture from the
Medieval Period
Renaissance Art and
Architecture
Compare
Medieval
Renaissance
What was the
Renaissance?
• Period following the
middle ages (14501550)
• “Rebirth” of classical
Greece and Rome
• Began in Italy
• Moved to northern
Europe
Objectives
• During the middle
ages
– Find God
– Prove pre-conceived
ideas
• During the
Renaissance
– Find man
– Promote learning
Humanism
• Pursuit of individualism
– Recognition that humans are creative
– Appreciation of art as a product of man
• Basic culture needed for all
• Life could be enjoyable
• Love of the classical past - ruins
• The spirit of the Renaissance was
secular… meaning wordly as opposed
to related to God and church
Causes of the Renaissance
• Lessening of feudalism
– Church disrespected – why?
– Nobility in chaos
– Growth of Middle/Merchant Class
through trade – why?
• Fall of Constantinople
– Greek scholars fled to Italy
• Education – Universities? What about it?
• Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture
the glory of the Roman empire
Italian Background
• Florence Italy
–
–
–
–
Medici's—family of physicians
Money in banking
Financed wool trade
Became defacto rulers of Florence
Review
• What did we learn about in the last unit
that created growth in trade and
populations (especially in towns/cities)?
• What was the Renaissance?
• What cultures did people look to for
inspiration?
• What was humanism?
• What were some of the causes of the
Renaissance?
The “Renaissance Man”
•
•
•
•
•
Artist
Musician
Writer
Educated
Swordsman
Art
Artists
• Michelangelo
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Donatello
• Raphael
Techniques
• Realism
• Perspective
• Focus on human form
and beauty
Michelangelo
Da Vinci
Writers
Writers
• Petrarch
• Machiavelli
• Dante
• Erasmus
Objectives
• Wrote in Vernacular , or
native language rather
than Latin
• Wrote for self-expression
or to portray individuality
Petrarch
•
•
•
•
Father of Renaissance Humanism
Wrote 14-line poems (sonnets)
Wrote in vernacular and in Latin
“Love is the crowning grace of humanity.”
Petrarch
– How does this quote differ from what would
have written during the medieval period?
Dante
• Like other humanists, he emphasized the
virtues of intellectual freedom and
individual expression
• "There is no greater sorrow
Than to recall a happy time
When miserable."
— Dante
Machiavelli
• Historian and political thinker
• In The Prince, he examines the imperfect
nature of humans
“It is better to be feared than loved, if you
cannot be both. “
Niccolo Machiavelli
Summary
• 3 - key ideas you think are most important
• 2 - things you need to study or learn more
about
• 1 - question you have
The Northern Renaissance
• What two countries were engaged in war
for over 100 years?
• What do you think happened when this
war came to an end along with the
Bubonic Plague?
EQ
• What was the Northern Renaissance?
• What were the immediate and long-term
effects of the Renaissance?
The Age of Elizabeth
Shakespeare
• William Shakespeare
– Regarded as the greatest
poet of all time
– Drew inspiration from the
Classics
– Revealed the souls of men
and women through
dramatic conflict
Christian Humanists
• Erasmus
– Wrote The Praise of Folly
– Believed in Christianity of the heart rather
than a focus on ceremonies
• What do we call the ceremonies in the Catholic
Church?
Before we watch the video,
think about the most
revolutionary invention of your
lifetime. How has it changed
the way we live?
Johann Gutenberg
• Invented the printing press
• First book was…. Take a guess?
– The Bible
• Produced books quickly and cheaply
• This had a profound effect on Europe
– What do you think that effect was?
What were the effects of the
printing press?
The Legacy of the Renaissance
Art
• Realism
• Classical Techniques
– What does that mean?
• Secular works
– What does that mean?
• Vernacular Language
– What does that mean?
Society
• More information
available
• Learning
• Discoveries, maps, charts
– Where did this lead?
• Legal documents were
published
– What did this do?
• People began to question
political and religious
structures
The Legacy of the Renaissance
• What are the effects of the Renaissance
that we still feel today?
Summarize what we have
learned about the Renaissance
in one word!
The Protestant Reformation
• AKS 38
EQ
• What were the causes and effects of the
Reformation
• Who was Martin Luther and John Calvin,
and what were their contributions to the
Reformation?
Setting the Stage/Review
• What was the predominate religion in
Europe discussed thus far in the course?
• What was the primary focus of the
Catholic Church?
The Protestant Reformation
• What is the root word of “protestant?”
• What is the root word of “reformation?”
With an elbow partner…
• In 3 minutes….
– Name as many things we have discussed that
have weakened the Catholic Church in
Europe
GO!
Causes of the Reformation
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
• Protested Indulgences
– Indulgences are pardons for sins given by the
Church
• What journey might a knight have taken in the
Medieval period to receive an indulgence?
• Martin Luther wanted to reform the church
– Reformation
Martin Luther’s Teachings
• The main ideas of Lutheranism
– God only could grant salvation
• Who did Catholics at the time think could grant it?
– Teachings should be clearly based on the
Bible
– All people with faith were equal
• What did this say about the divine right of kings?
What do you think the Pope’s
reaction was?
Protestants
• What are some of the Protestant
denominations around today?
– Lutheran
– Baptist
– Methodists
– Many more….
Review
• What were some of the causes of the
Protestant Reformation?
• What were Martin Luther’s teachings?
Divisions of Christianity
Try and find the answer to these
?’s in the vid!
• Why did Henry want to have his marriage
annulled with Catherine of Aragon?
• What happened to Anne Boleyn?
• What did Henry’s daughter Mary do when
she became Queen?
• What did Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I do
when she became Queen?
The English Reformation
The Real Henry VIII
Hollywood’s Henry VIII
Review
• Why did Henry want to have his marriage
annulled with Catherine of Aragon?
• What happened to Anne Boleyn?
• What did Henry’s daughter Mary do when
she became Queen?
• What did Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I do
when she became Queen?
The Anglican Church
• Protestant church created by Elizabeth
John Calvin
• Protestant Reformer in Switzerland
• Taught the Doctrine of Predestination
– The belief that God has already decided who
goes to heaven (salvation)
• John Calvin's teachings are collectively
called Calvinism
• LOOKING AHEAD: The Puritans were
Calvinists
– Who were the Puritans?
The Reformation Counter
• What does “counter” mean?
• Also called the Catholic Reformation
– Reform in the Catholic Church
• The Jesuits
– Members of the “Society of Jesus”
• Three Goals
– 1. Founded Schools
– 2. Converted non-Christians
– 3. Stop Protestanism
The Council of Trent
• The Churches interpretation of the Bible
was final
• Christians needed faith and good deeds to
be saved, not just faith alone (as who
taught?)
• The Bible and Church tradition were equal
• Indulgences were valid but could not be
sold
Impact of the Reformation
• Catholic Church became more unified
• Learning increased
• As Catholic power continued to decrease,
individual monarchs and nation-states
gained power
• Questioning beliefs and authority would
lead to the Enlightenment
– What does the word enlightenment bring to
mind?
Review
• Exit ticket!
– Answer any three!
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is humanism?
What were the teachings of Martin Luther?
What was the Anglican Church?
What were three goals of the Jesuits?
Name two results from the Council of Trent.
What was one significant difference between the
Renaissance period and the Medieval Period?
• Before modern science, how do you think
people used to explain the world around
us?
The Scientific Revolution
• A new way of thinking about the natural
world
– Observation
– Willingness to question accepted beliefs
The Scientific Revolution
Medieval View
• Geocentric
– What does this mean?
After Revolution
• Heliocentric
– What does this mean?
Geocentric
Heliocentric
Copernicus
• Reasoned that the earth, the stars, and
other planets revolved around the sun
– Was he completely correct?
Kepler
• Mathematician
• Used math the determine that the planets
revolve around the sun in elliptical patterns
Galileo
• Astronomer
– What does an astronomer study?
• Jupiter had 4 moons and the sun had
spots
• Stood trial in front of the Inquisition and
renounced the ideas of Copernicus
• Lived under house arrest until his death
Scientific Method
• New approach to science
Question/Hypothesis
Experiment
Analyze/Interpret
Data
Scientific Method
Sir Isaac Newton
• Law of Gravity explained how the same
physical laws governed motion both on
earth and in the rest of the universe
Review
• What was the scientific revolution?
• How did it differ from previous views on
the natural world?
• What was the significance of Copernicus’
theories? Galileo? Kepler? Newton?
• What is the Scientific Method? How did it
differ from “old science?”