Spring US History Final Part 2 Study Guide
US Government
LT 1 - I can identify the 3 branches of government and describe their functions. SS 08-1.2.1
What is the role and who is the head of each branch?
1. Legislative – Senate and House of Representatives, Capitol
2. Executive – President, Whitehouse
3. Judicial – Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building
LT 2 - I can analyze the system of checks and balances so that one branch does not become too powerful.
SS 08-1.2.1
4.
Define checks and balances – Where one branch of government has the ability to check or limit another branches powers
5.
List 3 examples of checks and balances. – Veto, impeachment, pardons, president nominates justices to the Supreme Court
6.
The President’s ability to veto a bill, limits which branch? Legislative
LT 3 - I can explain how the Bill of Rights guaranteed rights for all citizens. SS 08-1-3-1
7.
List the 5 rights guaranteed in the 1st Amendment.
Freedom of Speech, Press, Petition, Assembly, Religion
8.
List 3 rights people who are accused of crimes have.
Right to a speedy public fair trial
Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
Freedom from excessive bails
9. This right allows us to state our ideas freely as long as it is not a lie to damage someone’s reputation.
Freedom of speech
10. Which amendment gave us the right to bear arms?
2nd
11. What is meant by the right to “plead the Fifth”?
Right to not testify against yourself
12. How many amendments are there in the Bill of Rights?
10
LT 4 - I can explain the responsibilities of being a citizen. SS 08– 1.3.2
13. At what age are US citizens able to vote? 18
14. List 3 responsibilities of being a citizen:
Voting, community service, working election, military service
15. The main difference between a responsibility and a duty is:
A responsibility is voluntary, a duty is required
LT5: I can describe George Washington. SS 8 – 5.1.1
16. Why did the framers want Washington to be President? He had no children and no heir to the throne
17. Instead of being President, Washington wanted to retire to Mt. Vernon.
LT6: I can explain the major events of Washington’s Administration. SS:8 - 5.1.1 and SS:8 - 5.2.4
18. Why did Alexander Hamilton want to create a national bank? For the government to borrow, save, and lend money
19. In the Whiskey Rebellion, farmers protested taxes on which crop? corn
LT7: I can describe the major events of John Adam’s presidency. SS:8 - 5.2.4
20. The Alien and Sedition Acts infringed upon what amendment? 1st
21. During the XYZ Affair, France agreed to talk to the United States in exchange for what? Money
LT8: I can describe the major events of Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency. SS:8 - 5.2.4
22. What territory did the US buy from France during Jefferson’s administration, doubling the size of the country? Louisiana Purchase
23. To what farthest point west did Lewis and Clark travel when exploring the Louisiana Purchase? Pacific Ocean
24. What country impressed or captured America soldiers and forced them to serve in their military? This was one reason for the war of
1812. Great Britain
Westward Expansion
LT 9 - I can analyze the causes and effects of the War of 1812. SS 8 - 5.1.1
25. The Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 were between the US and what country?
US and Great Britain
26. List 3 causes of the War of 1812. US bought Louisiana Purchase (giving France money), British impressment of American soldiers, US
gained their independence from Great Britain
LT 10 - I can analyze the effects of the Monroe Doctrine and the Missouri Compromise. SS 8 – 4.1.1 and SS8 – 5.2.3
27. What compromise created the same number of free and slave states? Missouri Compromise
28. The cartoon above best illustrates which of the following? Monroe Doctrine
29. According to the cartoon, what would Uncle Sam do if a European nation attacked Western Hemisphere? He would consider it attack on
the US and attack back
LT 11 - I can describe the major events of Jackson’s Administration. SS 8 – 4.2.1 and SS 8 – 5.2.3
30. Define the Indian Removal Act. Andrew Jackson’s removal of the Native Americans ignoring the Supreme Court decision Worchester vs
Georgia
31. Write 2 things you know about the cartoon above. Jackson is considered a monarch and walking on the Constitution.
Describe each region.
32. North – Relied on trade, supported tariffs to protect trade and industry, slavery should be abolished
33. South – relied on slavery and agriculture, tariffs should be decreased.
34. West – internal improvements important, America’s destiny to spread across the continent.
LT 12: I can explain why Americans began to move west. SS 8 – 4.2.1 & SS 8 – 5.2.3
Why did each of these move west?
35. Mormons – Settled in Utah due to religious persecution
36. Oregon Trail – Settled for farmland
37. Mountain Men – Moved for trapping furs
LT 13: I can summarize the Texas War for Independence. SS 8 – 4.2.1 & SS 8 – 5.2.3
38. Mexico gained its independence from what country? Spain
39. What was the only state to ever be an independent country? Texas
40. Who was the leader of Mexico during the War for Texas Independence? Santa Anna
LT 14: I can explain how the US spread from sea to shining sea. SS8 – 5.2.3
41. This is the idea that Americans should spread democracy from sea to shining sea. Manifest Destiny
42. The US gained much of the southwest from what country? Mexico
43. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican American War and Mexico lost ½ its territory.
44. In this agreement, the US bought parts of New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million. Gadsden Purchase
LT 15: I can explain how the California Gold Rush changed the future of the West.
45. What precious element was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in 1848? gold
46. List 3 long term effects of westward expansion: Natives forced off land, US stretched from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean, Americans moved
west
47. Immigrants from this country experienced a lot of discrimination during the Gold Rush. Chinese
48. This man invented tough, durable pants for miners to wear. Levi Strauss
Government and Economics
LT 16: I can explain the different forms of government. SS-8-1.1.1
49. List 2 characteristics of a monarchy: power in the hands of 1 individual, power is inherited, titles such as king/queen
50. List 2 characteristics of a dictatorship: usually replaces a weaker government, strong military, power in the hands of 1 individual
LT 17: I can explain how power is divided between the state and the national government. SS-8-1.2.2
51. This term means that power is divided between the state and national government Federalism
52. This document is the framework for the US government and the supreme law of the land. Constitution
LT 18: I can describe how Kentucky’s state government is set up. SS-8-1.2.2
Senate
38 total
4 year term
RJ Palmer
General Assembly
House of Representatives
100 total
2 year term
Sannie OVerly
53. The chart above illustrates Kentucky’s Legislative branch.
54. Who is head of Kentucky’s judicial branch? State Supreme Court
LT 19: I can explain the purpose of local government. SS-1.2.2
Do the responsibilities below fall on the local or state government?
55. Building a skateboard park - Local
56. City police - Local
57. National Guard - State
LT 20: I can examine how amendments have changed the US Constitution. SS-8:1.1.3 & SS-8-1.1.2
Define each:
58. Amendment – change to the constitution
59. 13th Amendment – Abolish slavery
60. 19th Amendment – women’s suffrage (1920’s)
LT 21: I can differentiate between a traditional, command, market, and mixed economy. SS-8-3.2.1
Define each:
61. Traditional - Economic decisions are based on traditions and customs. The tribe owns the capital and determines what is produced.
62. Command – The government makes most economic decisions and owns all businesses. Very little economic freedom.
63. Market/Capitalism – Private individuals own businesses and make economic decisions.
LT 22: I can illustrate how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. SS-8-3.4.1
Define each:
64. Good – physical product
65. Service – work performed by someone else
66. Want – desired product or service
LT 23: I can explain how scarcity and opportunity cost impact economic decisions for producers and consumers. SS-8-3.1.1 & SS-8-3.1.2
67. Define scarcity – not having enough, but the product is in high demand
68. Define opportunity cost – what the consumer gives up to get what they really want.
LT 24: Money is used to make saving, borrowing, and investing easier. SS-8-3.3.2
69. The picture above illustrates: Bartering
70. Describe borrowing. Taking out a loan with the intention of paying interest.
LT 25: I can explain how price is affected by supply and demand. SS-8-3.3.1 & SS-3-3.3.3
71. In the law of demand, when the cost of something decreases, what happens to demand? Demand increases
72. Define market price. The price at which producers and consumers agree to trade
7th Grade Review Questions
73. The first human civilization began in Mesopotamia
74. The first form of writing is known as Cuneiform meaning “wedge-shaped”.
75. This writing system was used for important documents and the decoration of tombs and sarcophagi in ancient Egypt: Hieroglyphics
76. Life would have been impossible in the deserts environment of Egypt without river(s) running through it, which is why Egypt is often
called “The Gift of the Nile.”
77. In Egypt, the pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs the title used by the political and religious leader of Egypt.
78. India gets its name from the Indus River, which ironically is no longer located within the current borders of the country.
79. Ancient Indian civilization lived under a strict caste system in which everyone must stay within the class in which they were born.
80. Which major religion from ancient India helped to support such a system? Hinduism
81. In ancient Greece the people believed in many gods and goddesses, this type of religion is also known as polytheism.
82. Hinduism and Buddhism are similar: the belief in karma, reincarnation, and the ultimate goal of spiritual release. What is the main
difference between Hinduism and Buddhism? In Hinduism one could only be spiritually released after living a good life and dying as a
Brahman, or priest, whereas Buddhism one could have spiritual release from any life.
83. Purpose of Great Wall of China? To keep out invading tribes
84. China is responsible for many great inventions. List 5: paper, fireworks, porcelain, steel plow, silk, compass, sundial, seismograph, and
gunpowder
85. Athens and Sparta were the two most influential city-states in ancient Greece.
86. In which Greek city-state was democracy first practiced? Athens
87. Define citizen. A person with rights and duties in a certain country
88. In the U.S. today we have what is known as a Representative Democracy or Republic. In ancient Greece they practiced a Direct
Democracy. In this system all citizens participated directly in all government processes including writing, passing, and enforcing laws as
well as electing government officials.
89. Legend tells us that a man named Aesop authored many fables short stories that taught life lessons.
90. The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic games in honor of Zeus the King of the Gods.
91. Which Greek city-state is remembered for their warrior-based society in which every able-bodied man was expected to begin military
training at age seven (7) and serve continuously until the age of thirty (30) and remain active until the age of sixty (60). They also sent an
elder to inspect every newborn child for defects. If defective it would be taken into the wilderness to be left for dead. Sparta
92. Rome is located in what modern country? Italy
93. Leaders of the Roman Empire were called Cesar
94. The Roman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires ever, still having great influence. They built roads, sewers, and
running water. One of their greatest world influences came when Emperor Constantine lifted the bans on a new religion in the early 300s
AD. Once the bans on it were lifted this small religion expanded to become the largest religion today. What religion did Constantine lift
the bans on? Christianity
95. What very specific type of social/government system developed in Europe during the Middle Ages? feudalism
96. After hundreds of years the plants slowly began to change in a way that made them more useful to humans, allowing for domestication.
All of this eventually led to people being able to produce a surplus of food, needed to survive.