Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Chapter 16
Development Psychopathology
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
•
Chapter 16: Developmental
Psychopathology
Abnormality
– Statistical deviance
– Maladaptiveness
• Interferes with personal and social life
• Poses danger to self or others
– Personal distress
– DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA)
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Developmental Aspects
• Development, not disease
– A pattern of maladaption, not defects
• Social and Age Norms
• Developmental issues
– Nature/Nurture
– Risk factors
– Prediction
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
The Diathesis-Stress Model
• Interaction of genes and environment
• Example: Depression
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– Genetic vulnerability
– Environmental trigger(s)
Not specific stressors for specific disorders
“Bad things have bad effects for some people
some of the time”
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Autism
• Begins in infancy: more boys
• Several autistic spectrum disorders
• Impaired social interaction, communication
• Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors
• 80% retarded: savant syndrome common
• Severe cognitive impairment
• Biologically based
• Concordance: MZ=60%, DZ= 0%
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Depression
• Infancy
– Somatic symptoms
– Depressive-like states
– Related to poor attachment
– “At risk” if mother depressed
– “Failure to thrive” syndrome may occur
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Childhood
• Externalizing problems
•
– “Undercontrolled” disorders
– Acting out
– Aggressive, out of control
Internalizing problems
– “Overcontrolled” disorders
– Inner distress, shyness
– More girls
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Figure 16.3
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• DSM-IV Criteria: some combination of
•
•
•
– Inattention
– Impulsivity
– Hyperactivity
– More boys; 3-5% of US kids
– Comorbidity common
Overactive behavior wanes with age
Attentional, adjustment problems remain
Most well adjusted in adulthood
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
ADHD-Causes and Treatment
• Neurological: low Dopamine, other NT’s
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– Differential processing
– Underactivity in motor area
Genetic predisposition; Environmental stress
70% helped by stimulants
– Overprescription a problem
Most successful if combined with behavioral
treatment
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Depression
• Childhood
•
– Somatic symptoms
– Psychotherapy, medication effective
– Nature/Nurture question
Adolescence
– Often related to childhood symptoms
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Adolescence
• Storm and stress
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•
– Only about 20%
– Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders
Alcohol and drugs are problems
Eating disorders
– Anorexia nervosa; more girls (3/1)
– Bulemia nervosa; binge-purge
– Some genetic predisposition; stress also
– Psychological treatment usually successful
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Adolescent Depression and Suicide
• 35% depressed; 7% diagnosable
•
– Cognitive symptoms
– Behavioral acting out
– Genetic link
– Environmental triggers
Suicide 3rd leading cause of death
– Males commit 3/1; girls attempt 3/1
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Adulthood
• Rates of disorder decrease after age 18
• Depression
– Elderly less vulnerable to major depression
– Concern with elderly
• Depression often related to health
• 15% have some symptoms
• 1-3% diagnosable
• Difficult to diagnose
– More women (2/1)
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Depression and Dementia
• Many undiagnosed and untreated
• Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded
•
•
from treatment
Dementia: progressive deterioration
– Not normal aging
Alzheimer’s Disease
– Leading cause of dementia
– Progressive and irreversible
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Causes of Cognitive Impairment
• Genetic: e.g., Alzheimer’s
• Vascular dementia - multi-infarct
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– Minor strokes: deficits accumulate
– Related to lifestyle: diet and exercise
Reversible dementia, about 20%
Delerium: reversible, often drug related
Depression: treatable
Critical to distinguish for proper treatment
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Figure 16.6
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider
Chapter 16
Figure 16.5