Test review tonight, 7 to 8 pm 110
Wartik
•
Exam 2 Tuesday Ch 4,5,6
I. Justification of Effort
II. Reward
III. Punishment
IV. Self-Persuasion
V. Self-evaluation Maintenance
•
If reduce threat to selfno
CogDis
A.
Experience post decision
dissonance when have to
pick between 2 equal options
1.
Reduce threat to self by
enhancing liked option,
and devaluing not chosen
option
2.
Or , if dissonance due to
self threat, eliminate self
threat by self-affirming –
“I’m good”
5
10
Self Affirmation
0
evaluation of choosen
CD
NO self affirmation
NO self affirmation
Self Affirmation
Self Affirmation
I.
What happens when you work hard, but find out effort not
worth it?
A. Experience dissonance
B. Reduce it via Justification of effort
1. Justify effort by seeing goal in highly
positive light
1. Harsh or weak test to listen to boring
conversation about sex study
C. Conditions:
1. Have to see effort as freely chosen
2. Have to question the worthiness of the
goal
Reward
I.
A.
What happens if you get a reward for
something you like (intrinsically motivated)
to do?
1.
Overjustification effect: seeing behavior
as due to large reward (extrinsic reason)
rather than liking (intrinsic reason).
a.
i.
2.
Decreases liking
Large reward for reading books, could
reduce joy of reading.
Solution : Small reward, or performance
contingent reward (avoid apprehension)
Like
Dislike
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Reward: Large
Overjustification effect
(less liking)
Sufficient external
justification
(no attitude change)
Reward: Small
Sufficient internal justification
(No attitude change)
Insufficient external
justification
(more liking)
Punishment: Large Sufficient external justification Sufficient external
(No attitude change)
justification
(may like more)
Punishment: Small Insufficient punishment
(less liking)
Sufficient internal justification
(no attitude change)
Like
Dislike
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Reward: Large
Overjustification effect
(less liking)
Sufficient external
justification
(no attitude change)
Reward: Small
Sufficient internal justification
(No attitude change)
Insufficient external
justification
(more liking)
Punishment: Large Sufficient external justification Sufficient external
(No attitude change)
justification
(may like more)
Punishment: Small Insufficient punishment
(less liking)
Sufficient internal justification
(no attitude change)
B.
What happens if you get a reward for doing
something you dislike?
1.
Depends on reward – $1 vs. $20 peg study
a.
i.
b.
i.
Big (20$) – sufficient external justification
did it for $20
Small (1$) – insufficient justification effect:
reward is not good reason for doing action,
resolve dissonance by changing internal
attitude
Did it because I like it, internal attitude
change
Like
Dislike
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Reward: Large
Overjustification effect
(less liking)
Sufficient external
justification
(no attitude change)
Reward: Small
Sufficient internal justification
(No attitude change)
Insufficient external
justification
(more liking)
Punishment: Large Sufficient external justification Sufficient external
(No attitude change)
justification
(may like more)
Punishment: Small Insufficient punishment
(less liking)
Sufficient internal justification
(no attitude change)
Would a mild or harsh punishment be most
likely eliminate the bad behavior?
I.
Big – sufficient external justification
1.
avoid getting caught
B. small – insufficient punishment – induces
dissonance for wondering why not engaging
in behavior
1.
I don’t like the behavior, internal attitude
change
A.
Like
Dislike
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Reward: Large
Overjustification effect
(less liking)
Sufficient external
justification
(no attitude change)
Reward: Small
Sufficient internal justification
(No attitude change)
Insufficient external
justification
(more liking)
Punishment: Large Sufficient external justification Sufficient external
(No attitude change)
justification
(may like more)
Punishment: Small Insufficient punishment
(less liking)
Sufficient internal justification
(no attitude change)
2.
Ben Franklin Effect – doing good
deeds for others increasing liking for8
them.
7
Participants liked the experimenter 6
more when they did him a favor. 5
a.
3.
4.
I’m nice to him, I must like him
Liking
1.
4
If want someone to like you, get3
2
them to do you a favor
If person denies you the favor, 1
0
the person may like you less No
Favor
No
Favor
Imperso
nal
Personal
Bad Deeds and dissonance
II.
A.
1.
Some times we have to do something unkind to others,
how does this action shape our opinion of them?
Mostly like to derogate those who are the most helpless
I.
Tesser’s Self-evaluation maintenance
(SEM) theory: one’s self concept can be
threatened another’s behavior
Close other?
No
Who cares?
Yes
Relevant domain?
Yes
Reduce
threat
No
Bask in friend’s
reflected glory
Distance self from person
Reduce importance of task
Sabotage your friend