Chapter 23: Study Guide
Cardiovascular system:
1. What is the function of the heart? Blood vessels?
Heart – pumps blood
Blood vessels – Carry blood
2. What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atrium
3. What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
ventricles
4. What prevents the blood from flowing backwards?
Valves
5. Name and describe the 3 types of blood vessels.
Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart
Veins – Carry blood to the heart
Capillaries – small blood vessels that allows exchange between blood
and cells
6. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
Pulmonary – circulates blood between your heart and lungs
Systemic – circulates blood between heart and body
7. Name 4 cardiovascular problems.
Heart Attack
Stroke
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
8. Describe IN DETAIL how blood is pumped through your body.
Oxygen poor blood comes to the heart from the body through veins.
The blood enters the right atrium. It then gets pumped through a valve
to the right ventricle. The blood then leaves the heart through an artery
and goes to the lungs. The blood is now oxygen rich. The blood returns
to the heart through a vein and enters the left atrium. It gets pumped
through a valve to the left ventricle and then an artery takes the blood to
the rest of the body.
Blood:
9. Blood is a connective tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to the
body and waste from the tissues
10. What are the four components of blood and what is the function of each?
Plasma – Water and nutrients
Platelets – stops blood loss
RBC’s – carry oxygen
WBC’s – fight pathogens
11. What are the 4 types of blood?
A, B, AB, O
12. What is the function of blood?
Carries oxygen, nutrients and waste; fights pathogens and
regulates body temp.
13. What is special about blood type O? AB? Can a person with O be given type AB blood?
Why or why not?
O can be given to anybody; AB can receive any blood.
A person with O cannot be given AB because their body will fight it.
Lymphatic System:
14. Identify the two main functions of the lymphatic system.
Collects excess fluids and fights pathogens
15. What is the purpose of the spleen? Tonsils?
Spleen – largest lymphatic organ; found in upper abdomen; makes
lymphocytes; Red blood cell recycling center
Tonsils – organ found in nasal cavity that fights infections
Respiratory System:
16. In general, what is the function of the respiratory system?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
17. What is another name for the throat?
pharynx
18. The part that contains the vocal cords is the ____________Larynx_______
19. The passage way for the air to travel from the larynx to the lungs is the windpipe or
__________trachea_____________
20. The trachea then splits into two branches called the __bronchi______________, and
each one connects to a lung.
21. The tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called
the ______alveoli_______________.