APHUG Vocabulary
Basic Concepts
Changing attributes of place (built
landscape, sequent occupance)
Cultural attributes (cultural
landscape)
Density (arithmetic, physiological)
Diffusion (hearth, relocation,
expansion, hierarchical, contagious,
stimulus)
Direction (absolute, relative)
Dispersion/concentration
(dispersed/scattered,
clustered/agglomerated)
Distance (absolute, relative)
Distribution
Environmental determinism
Location (absolute, relative, site,
situation, place name)
Pattern (linear, centralized, random)
Physical attributes (natural
landscape)
Possibilism
Region (formal/uniform,
functional/nodal,
perceptual/vernacular)
Scale (implied degree of
generalization)
Size
Spatial (of or pertaining to space on
or near Earth’s surface)
Spatial interaction (accessibility,
connectivity, network, distance
decay, friction of distance, timespace compression)
Geographic Tools
Distortion
Geographic Information System
(GIS)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Grid (North and South Poles,
latitude, parallel, equator, longitude,
meridian, prime meridian,
international date line)
Map (Maps are the tool most
uniquely identified with geography;
the ability to use and interpret maps
is an essential geographic skill.)
Map scale (distance on a map
relative to distance on Earth)
Map types (thematic, statistical,
cartogram, dot, choropleth, isoline)
Mental map
Model (a simplified abstraction of
reality, structured to clarify causal
relationships)
Geographers use models (e.g.,
Demographic Transition,
Epidemiological Transition,
Gravity, Von Thünen, Weber,
Stages of Growth [Rostow],
Concentric Circle [Burgess], Sector
[Hoyt], Multiple Nuclei [HarrisUllman], Central Place [Christaller],
and so on) to explain patterns, make
informed decisions, and predict
future behaviors.
Projection
Remote sensing
Time zones
Population
Age distribution
Carrying capacity
Cohort
Demographic equation
Demographic momentum
Demographic regions
Demographic Transition model
Dependency ratio
Diffusion of fertility control
Disease diffusion
Doubling time
Ecumene
Epidemiological Transition model
Gendered space
Infant mortality rate
J-curve
Maladaptation
Malthus, Thomas
Mortality
Natality
Neo-Malthusian
Overpopulation
Population densities
Population distributions
Population explosion
Population projection
Population pyramid
Rate of natural increase
S-curve
Sex ratio
Standard of living
Sustainability
Underpopulation
Zero population growth
Migration
Activity space
Chain migration
Cyclic movement
Distance decay
Forced
Gravity model
Internal migration
Intervening opportunity
Migration patterns
• Intercontinental
• Interregional
• Rural-urban
Migratory movement
Periodic movement
Personal space
Place utility
Push-pull factors
Refugee
Space-time prism
Step migration
Transhumance
Transmigration
Voluntary
Concepts of Culture
Acculturation
Assimilation
Cultural adaptation
Cultural core/periphery pattern
Cultural ecology
Cultural identity
Cultural landscape
Cultural realm
Culture
Culture region
• Formal—core, periphery
• Functional—node
• Vernacular (perceptual)—regional
self-awareness
Diffusion types
• Expansion—hierarchical,
contagious, stimulus
• Relocation
Innovation adoption
Maladaptive diffusion
Sequent occupance
APHUG Vocabulary
Folk and Popular Culture
Adaptive strategies
Anglo-American landscape
characteristics
Architectural form
Built environment
Folk culture
Folk food
Folk house
Folk songs
Folklore
Material culture
Nonmaterial culture
Popular culture
Survey systems
Traditional architecture
Language
Creole
Dialect
Indo-European languages
Isogloss
Language
Language family
Language group
Language subfamily
Lingua franca
Linguistic diversity
Monolingual/multilingual
Official language
Pidgin
Toponymy
Trade language
Religion
Animism
Buddhism
Cargo cult pilgrimage
Christianity
Confucianism
Ethnic religion
Exclave/enclave
Fundamentalism
Geomancy (feng shui)
Hajj
Hinduism
Interfaith boundaries
Islam
Jainism
Judaism
Landscapes of the dead
Monotheism/polytheism
Mormonism
Muslim pilgrimage
Muslim population
Proselytic religion
Reincarnation
Religion (groups, places)
Religious architectural styles
Religious conflict
Religious culture hearth
Religious toponym
Sacred space
Secularism
Shamanism
Sharia law
Shintoism
Sikhism
Sunni vs. Shia Islam
Taoism
Theocracy
Universalizing
Zoroastrianism
Ethnicity
Acculturation
Adaptive strategy
Assimilation
Barrio
Chain migration
Cultural adaptation
Cultural shatterbelt
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic conflict
Ethnic enclave
Ethnic group
Ethnic homeland
Ethnic landscape
Ethnic neighborhood
Ethnicity
Ethnocentrism
Ghetto
Plural society
Race
Segregation
Social distance
Gender
Dowry
Dowry death
Enfranchisement
Gender Roles within Society
Gender gap (Social, Demographic,
Economic)
Infanticide (Female Infanticide)
Longevity gap (Life Expectancy)
Maternal mortality rate