Meiosis Flashcard Review
How many daughter cells are produced
during meiosis?
 4
 Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells
 Meiosis produces 4 different daughter cells
What do meiosis and mitosis have in
common?
 Replication occurs once.
 Chromosomes divide and carry DNA to new cells.
Which reproductive process improves the
genetic variability of the cells produced?
 Meiosis
 Replication only occurs once but the cells split twice.
 The resulting gamete unites with another gamete to produce
genetic variety in the zygote.
What is it called when DNA nucleotides
are lost during meiosis?
 Deletion mutation.
 The lost nucleotides results in the wrong protein being
made.
A change in the sequence of DNA
nucleotides is called…
 A mutation
What process reduces the number of
chromosomes in preparation for sexual
reproduction?
 Meiosis
 Reduces the number of human chromosomes from 46 to 23.
What carries DNA’s message to be
translated by the ribosome?
 mRNA
 Transcription = DNA to mRNA
 Translation = mRNA to protein
What causes mutations? What are
their effects?
 They happen naturally or are caused by outside agents called




mutagens.
They may have no effect.
They may have negative effects.
They could have positive effects.
They always increase genetic diversity.
What cells are able to pass a mutation
disease from mother to fetus?
 Gametes carry genetic information including changes caused
by mutations.
 Diseases of somatic cells, like liver cancer, cannot be passed
from generation to generation.
What is abnormal about this
karyotype?
Deletion of the p arm in the 5th pair of
chromosomes. This causes Cri-du-Chat disease.
Predict what would happen to the chromosome number of
each generation if meiosis did not produce cells for sexual
reproduction.
 Chromosome number would double with each new
generation.
Haploid cells are produced during…
Diploid cells are produced during…
 Meiosis
 Mitosis
What is the difference between
meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?
 Meiosis 1 occurs first and produces identical, diploid cells.
 Meiosis 2 occurs last and produces 4 different, haploid sex
cells.
How would you determine if a
karyotype was abnormal?
 There would be extra or missing chromosomes.
 There would be missing or added pieces attached to the
chromosomes.
Where does meiosis occur? Mitosis?
 The sex organs
 Normal, somatic body cells
Which chromosome pair of a karyotype
is the sex cells?
 The 23rd pair.
 XX chromosomes appear the same size.
 Y chromosome is much smaller than the X.
In a normal karyotype all of the
chromosomes should be…
 Paired.
During meiosis, chromosomes
exchange genes during…
 Crossing over.
 This increases genetic variation.
What is trisomy of the chromosomes?
 A nondisjuction mutaton causes the inheritance of three
chromosomes instead of a pair.
 The homologous chromosomes should be paired.
Chromosomal mutations are more serious
than gene mutations because…
 They involve whole or pieces of chromosomes which effects
large amounts of DNA.
 Gene mutations involve individual strands of DNA which
effect one trait.
What determines the proteins that are made and
thus the traits that appear in the phenotype of an
organism?
 The arrangement of nucleotides in the DNA.