Biology Study Guide Answers
Cells/Cell Transport
1
• 1.) All living things are made of cells.
• 2.) Cells are the most basic unit of
structure and function in living things.
• 3.) Cells come from pre-existing cells.
2 & 5.) Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
Comparison
Prokaryote
Both
*No Nucleus
*No organelles
*Have cell
Eukaryote
*Cells have a nucleus
membranes
*Cells have organelles
*All are unicellular
*Have DNA
*Very small
*Are alive
*Can be unicellular, but
most are multicellular
*All are bacteria
•
Have
ribosomes
*All have cell walls
Cells are 10x-100x larger
than prokaryotic cells
•
Have
cytoplasm
*Some have cell walls
•
FRED H.
GARC
* Plants, algae, fungi,
animals
3 & 6.) Plant Vs. Animal Comparison
Plant
Both
*Have cell walls
*Have chloroplasts
• Have large central
vacuoles
• Are 10x larger
than animal cells.
*Have:
cell membranes
DNA, ribosomes,
ER, GOLGI,
nucleus,
nucleolus,
mitochondria,
vesicles
Animal
*No cell wall
• have: lysosomes,
centrioles
• Smaller than plant
cells
4.)
• Bacteria are the only example of a
prokaryote
7
• The nucleus provides a barrier to keep the
DNA safe.
• The nuclear membrane prevents DNA
from coming into contact with enzymes
that could damage it.
• The nuclear membrane (along with
melanin pigment produced by other cells)
prevents the DNA from being damaged by
UV rays.
8
• Nucleolus is an RNA rich area of the
nucleus where ribosomes are made.
9
• Golgi is most like a post office because:
– It receives and ships proteins and
carbohydrates.
– It packages proteins/carbs into transport
vesicles for delivery.
10
• GA Power is most like the mitochondria.
• The mitochondria use sugar to produce
usable energy.
• GA Power uses coal or water or nuclear
reactions to generate electricity.
11
• Janitor = lysosome
• Both clean up/break down trash,
unused/unneeded materials and prepare
them for removal.
12
• Smooth ER makes lipids (and detoxify
substances in the cell).
13
• The rough ER serves protein synthesis in
two ways:
– 1.) It provides a place for ribosomes to anchor
and operate (however, they don’t HAVE to be
attached to ER in order to work)
– 2.) They put proteins (made on attached
ribosomes) into transport vesicles and send
them to the Golgi.
14
• Chloroplasts make sugar (food) in
photosynthetic organisms.
15.)
• Both the cell membrane and a bouncer
work to control what (who) comes in/out of
the cell (club).
16
• Vacuoles are for long term storage.
• Vesicles are for short-term storage and
transport.
17
• Ribosome  Rough ER  vesicle 
Golgi  vesicle  cell membrane
(exocytosis) out.
18
• Since mitochondria produce usable
cellular energy, a person with
malfunctioning mitochondria would likely
experience:
– Difficulty moving
– Lack of energy (more fatigue)
– Difficulty regulating homeostasis
– Increased immune problems
19
• Prokaryotes do a number of positive
things:
– Help us digest our food.
– Keep parasitic fungi from growing on our skin
– Help us make foods like yogurt, cheese and
breads
– Provide usable nitrogen for plants to grow
Essays
• Answers will vary…
Cell Membrane &
Cell Transport
Questions
1
1
2
• Because the proteins in the membrane are
scattered (like the pieces in a mosaic), but
can move sideways due to the fluid-like
nature of the membrane.
• Like a mosaic, the membrane is made of
smaller parts which combine to give the
membrane its multiple functions.
3
• Passive
– no cell energy needed
– Moves with concentration
gradient
– Involves gases,
carbohydrates and water
– Examples:
• Osmosis
• Simple diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active
– Needs cell energy
– Moves against
concentration gradient
– Involves large molecules
(food particles) and things
dissolved in liquids.
– Examples:
• Sodium Potassium Pump
• Endocytosis
– Phagocytosis
– Pinocytosis
• Exocytosis
4
• Answers will vary, but here’s two:
• When you are sitting in another room of
the house, but you can smell the food
being cooked in the kitchen.
• Someone spraying perfume on the other
side of the room and eventually you smell
it.
5
• Facilitated diffusion
uses proteins to help
bring large molecules
into the cell;
• facilitated diffusion
moves sugars and
ions.
• Simple diffusion does
not use proteins.
• Simple diffusion
moves gases and
liquids;
6
• It will shrivel up because the water in the
cell will be pulled out due to the high
solute concentration outside the cell.
• Remember: “Where solutes are in large
supply, water will always move close by.”
7
• Water will move into the cell due to
osmosis.
• There are more solutes inside the cell, so
water moves in.
• The plant cell will swell, but will not burst
because it has a cell wall protecting it.
8
• Isotonic.
• In an isotonic solution, water moves in and
out of the cell freely (bringing nutrients in
and getting rid of waste), but the cell does
not swell or shrink.
9
• Hypotonic
• Plants cannot get water whenever they
need it; they must wait for rain.
• So, plants want to let in as much water as
possible so they can store it.
• Also, plants rely on nutrients entering their
cells through the roots. So, they need a
large volume of water entering the roots.
Chart
• We will fill out in class.