Chapter 1
Introduction to Medical Language
and Online Learning
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Chapter 1
Objective 1: Create an account and register on
the Evolve website.
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2
Online Learning Activities and Resources on
the Evolve Website
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Chapter 1
Objective 2: Describe four origins of medical
language.
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IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING
CHAPTER 1 BEFORE CONTINUING
• Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the
text because it is here that you are introduced to
word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and
combining vowels—and the rules for combining
them to build medical terms.
• You will use this information in each of the
subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define,
and spell terms built from word parts.
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Medicine Has a
Language of Its Own
• Current medical vocabulary includes terms
built from Greek and Latin word parts,
eponyms, acronyms, and terms from
modern language
• Many can be translated literally to find
their meaning
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Origins of Medical Language
ED: figure 1-1 with updated legend needed here
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Review Question
The medical term AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome) is an example
of a(an):
a) term built from word parts
b) acronym
c) eponym
d) term taken from modern language
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Chapter 1
Objective 3: Define two categories of medical
terms.
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Categories of Medical Terms
All medical terms in the text are divided into
two categories:
•terms built from word parts
•terms not built from word parts
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10
Categories of Medical Terms
ED: updated table 1-2 needed here
Define two categories of medical terms.
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11
Review Questions
1. Parkinson disease would be considered
as a term:
a) Built from word parts
b) Not built from word parts
2. Osteoarthritis would be considered as a
term:
a) Built from word parts
b) Not built from word parts
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Chapter 1
Objective 4: Identify and define the four word
parts and the combining form.
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13
Four Word Parts
1.
2.
3.
4.
Word Root: fundamental meaning of a
medical term—the core of the word
Prefix: attached to the beginning of a
medical term to modify its meaning
Suffix: attached to the end of a medical
term to modify its meaning
Combining Vowel: used to ease
pronunciation—usually an “o”
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14
Guidelines for Using
Combining Vowels
Ed: updated table 1-3 needed here
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Examples
Word Roots: arthr: joint
ven: vein
hepat: liver
Prefixes:
intra-: within
sub-: under
Suffixes:
-itis: inflammation
-ic: pertaining to
-ous: pertaining to
-pathy: disease
Combining
Vowel:
oste: bone
o
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Review Question
The word part that is the core of the
word is a
a) combining vowel
b) suffix
c) word root
d) prefix
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Combining Form
Word Root + Combining Vowel
Examples:
arthr/o
hepat/o
ven/o
oste/o
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18
Word Parts and Combining Form
ED – insert new table 1-4
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Some Basic Rules
• All medical terms have at least one
word root.
• Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix,
or combining vowel.
• Combining vowels are used to connect
word roots or word root and suffix.
• When a suffix begins with a vowel, the
combining vowel is usually not used.
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Some Basic Rules (cont’d)
• When connecting two word roots, a
combining vowel is usually used even if
vowels are present at the junction.
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis
• Usually, medical terms are defined by
starting at the end of the term and going
back to the beginning.
Example: oste/o/arthr/itis—inflammation
of the bone and joints
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Some Basic Rules (cont’d)
• A few terms are more easily and
accurately defined by starting at the
beginning of the term.
Example: melan/oma
melan = black
-oma = tumor
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Review Question
If vowels are present at the junction of two word
roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term,
a combining vowel is usually
a) still used
b) not used
c) used twice
d) the letter i
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Chapter 1
Objective 5: Analyze and define medical terms.
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24
Techniques to Learn Medical Terms
Built from Word Parts
ED: add new table 1-5
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Word Parts for Practice
Word Roots:
(Comb. Forms)
arthr/o: joint
hepat/o: liver
ven/o: vein
oste/o: bone
Combining Vowel:
o
Prefixes:
intra-: within
sub-: under
Suffixes:
-itis: inflammation
-ic: pertaining to
-ous: pertaining to
-pathy: disease
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Analyze and Define
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
arthritis
intravenous
osteitis
osteoarthritis
subhepatic
osteopathy
arthropathy
hepatitis
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Step 1 – Add Slashes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
arthr/itis
intra/ven/ous
oste/itis
oste/o/arthritis
sub/hepat/ic
oste/o/pathy
arthr/o/pathy
hepat/itis
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28
Step 2 – label word parts
WR
S
arthr/itis
Step 3 – apply definition of word parts,
starting with the suffix
-itis = inflammation
arthr/o = joint
arthr/itis = inflammation of the joint
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Chapter 1
Objective 6: Build medical terms for given
definitions.
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30
Building Medical Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
inflammation of a joint
pertaining to within a vein
inflammation of the bone
inflammation of the bone and joint
pertaining to under the liver
disease of the bone
disease of the joint
inflammation of the liver
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31
Building Medical Terms
Answers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
inflammation of a joint = arthritis
pertaining to within a vein = intravenous
inflammation of the bone = osteitis
inflammation of the bone and joint =
osteoarthritis
pertaining to under the liver = subhepatic
disease of the bone = osteopathy
disease of the joint = arthropathy
inflammation of the liver = hepatitis
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32
Build the Medical Term for
Exercise Figure A
1.
• A. Normal knee joint.
• B. Knee joint showing
2.
bone / cv / joint / inflammation
___/__/____/_________
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33
Review Question
Which of the following is analyzed correctly?
WR
a)
CV
S
WR
S
arthr/o/path/y
b)
CV
S
arthr/o/pathy
CF
CF
P
c)
CV
S
arthr/o/pathy
CF
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