CARE Curriculum Assessment Remediation Enrichment Grade LEVEL 7 Science CARE Assessment #1 CURRICULUM Body of Knowledge Big Idea Life Science 1: The Practice of Science 2: The Characteristics of scientific Knowledge Benchmark(s) SC.7.N.1.1 – Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. (assessed as SC.8.N.1.1) SC.7.N.1.3 – Distinguish between an experiment (which must involve the identification and control of variables) and other forms of scientific investigation and explain that not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation. (assessed as SC.8.N.1.1) SC.7.N.1.2 – Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials). SC.7.N.1.5 – Describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen in different fields of science such as biology, geology, and physics. SC.6.N.2.2 – Explain that scientific knowledge is durable because it is open to change as new evidence or interpretations are encountered. SC.7.N.1.7 - Explain that scientific knowledge is the result of a great deal of debate and confirmation within the science community. (assessed as SC.6.N.2.2) Video – Brainpop [4:54] (log in information username: palmbeach and password: palmbeach) Login and search for the video Critical Reasoning or click the link. Mix the terms from the Vocabulary (see attached worksheet). Have students match the term to the correct definition. (Revisit after the conclusion of video) Click full screen and close captioning icons. At the end of the video, have students answer the following questions: o When scientist have a question or have made an observation, what happens first? (start with a hypothesis) o What would scientist consider the “argument” in the practice of science? (data) o How do scientist know that their arguments are relevant (significant to the conclusion)? (by performing scientific investigations, labs, testing) o What type of evidence do scientist collect? (observations but stronger support comes from empirical evidence) o How do we evaluate the reasonableness of claims in science? (replication, scientific argumentation and/or debate) The Nature of Science Activity Introduction: The purpose of the activity is to get students thinking about the nature and practice of science. Students have often been given the definition of science in the past and its methods as a very precise set of steps that occur in a particular order. Through this activity students should realize that science is dynamic, it is hands-on, and it changes as our knowledge of the world through technological advances increases. Students must actively engage in the process of science and this activity encourages them to do just that! Materials: Print the Pattern Worksheet (see attached worksheet) on cardstock paper (may be easier to print on regular paper and laminate if available) Make enough for each student to work individually. Cut out all of the individual shapes including the square with the “x” in the middle Procedures 1. Hand out all the pieces except the small square with the “x”. 2. Each piece represents scientific data. 3. Once the students are given the pieces, no further instructions are given. (Most students will begin to arrange the pieces on their own.) 4. Shortly, students will put the pieces together to make a square as seen below in figure 2. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Once all the students have arranged the pieces to produce figure 2, hand out the small square marked “X” to each student and explain that a new scientific discovery has been made. Students somehow must incorporate this new information to their puzzle. Encourage students to work individually (some peeking and “cheating” will occur). As frustration rises allow them to work in groups. If one student gets the correct arrangement, have the student cover up the answer. Hints may be given to help students along. (ex: make the superman logo symbol first) Discussion: Place students in groups of 3-4 and give each group chart paper Brainstorm and share how this activity relates to or is similar to “doing” science. Some similarities include, but are not excluded to: 1) Assume that the pieces fit together – nature is a puzzle that we have not yet solved; 2) Trial and error is an essential ingredient to science; 3) New information may require the old theory to be modified or discarded; 4) Our current information may be incomplete and therefore, our theories incorrect; 5) Sometimes, we get lucky and find the right answer; 6) Collaboration may be helpful; 7) Once we arrive at the answer, it makes perfect, elegant sense. How would this activity been different if I were to draw the shapes on the board and asked you to figure it out in your head? (Some responses from student: It would be dull, more difficult. Response the beauty of science is that abstract concepts can be examined through laboratory/hands-on experiences) At the bottom of the chart paper have students write a one sentence definition of science from this activity. Note: Humans are naturally curious and we should encourage students to ask “Why”, “Why Not”, and “How”’ rather than “What”, “When”, and “Where”. In this atmosphere, students are not afraid to try, to succeed or fail, and to question. Einstein wrote, “I have no special talent, I am only passionately curious.” Teacher Notes ESE Ensure oral directions are understood Pre-teach vocabulary (sorting) Provide visual aids Provide peer assistance/study group ELL Vocabulary Games Heterogeneous Grouping Asking clarifying questions Audio-visual Applications Group Presentations (Note: This activity has been modified from Jason Choi’s “The Nature of Science” An Activity for the First Day of Class.) ASSESSMENT See BEEP for assessment questions and answer key Teacher Notes REMEDIATION / RETEACH SC.7.N.1.1 (assessed as SC.8.N.1.1) Thumb War Worksheet (see attached worksheet) Objective: Students will be able to identify and use the six steps of the scientific method through the investigation of a question and identify a real life problem that they have employed this method to analyze and resolve or an object that utilized the scientific method to create. Background: 1. Identify a problem to solve 2. Create a hypothesis (this includes using prior knowledge and doing research/observations) 3. Do an experiment to test hypothesis 4. Record the results/data 5. Make a conclusion 6. Repeat the experiment Engage: The students will be told that they will be having a thumb-war competition Exploration: The students will be following the thumb war “lab report” guide to complete the experiment and be introduced to going through the scientific method. They will be given the problem (which member of your group will win a thumb war competition?). They will come up with a hypothesis (based on observations and inferences), run though several trials of the experiment, take measurements and record wins. When they are done, they will conclude if their hypothesis was correct or not and why? SC.7.N.1.2 Using the Thumb Wars experiment, have students create a word to differentiate between the terms Replication (the act of taking another person’s experiment data (such as Newton, Volta, or Ohm), rerunning the experiment yourself, and comparing the data. If you end up with the same results as the other person, you have replicated the experiment) and Repetition (One scientist doing the same experiment over and over using the same variables). Discussion: Which step of the experiment displayed REPETITION? (Answer: Step number 6) Did this experiment have any form of REPLICATION embedded in its procedures? Why or Why NOT? (Answers may vary as long as students can justify their claim. Some students may say, Yes, because each group was performing the same experiment, some may say No, because all of the variables within a group were not constant so even though they are investigating the same problem the experiment may not be identical to the original experiment performed.) SC.6.N.2.2 Debate About Global Warming (Climate Change) Have students watch the youtube video called Climate Realist Marc Morano Debates Bill Nye the Science Guy on Global Warming Create a two-column chart that awards jots down evidence for Global Warming and against Global Warming. Who’s position do you agree with, Marc Morano’s or Bill Nye’s, on Global Warming? Why? Is Bill Nye’s evidence FOR Global Warming reasonable enough to support his claim? Give specific examples Is Marc Moreno’s evidence AGAINST Global Warming reasonable enough to support his claim? Give specific examples. What is the purpose of scientific debate/argumentation? Teacher Notes ENRICHMENT Enrichment curriculum based on student’s performance on Mini-Assessment Teacher Notes Pattern x x Vocabulary Term Definition Reasoning Process used to figure out what to believe in a logical, sensible way. Argument Series of statements leading to a conclusion. Claim A reason used to substantiate a conclusion without providing proof. Relevant Measure of the significance of a reason or claim. Skepticism Doubt Evidence Proof for a claim often numerical. Observation Information gathered using the senses (see, hear, touch, smell, taste) Assumption Something we take for granted without all the facts. Inference Judgement based on known facts. Thumb Wars Step 1: Identify a Problem to solve Which member of your group will win a thumb war competition? Step 2: Make a Hypothesis __________________________________________________________________________________________ Why?_____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3: Do an Experiment First, let’s find out the length of our thumbs. Use a ruler to estimate the length of your thumb in centimeters. Make sure to write down the thumb lengths of your other group members! Team Member 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Thumb Length (cm) Next, follow the procedure below to conduct your thumb war experiment to see if you hypothesis is correct. Be sure to record your results in step 4! To play the game, a player hooks the four fingers of their right (or left) hand to the four fingers of the other player’s right (or left) hand and clasps firmly. To start the game, both players say “One, two, three, four, I declare a thumb war.” Both students then try to trap, pin, or capture their opponents thumb for five (5) seconds to win. No cheating! You may only use your thumb to capture your opponent’s thumb – you may not use other fingers or your other hand to win! Your arms must stay touching the desk during the thumb war. Step 4: Record your Data/Results Team member # vs. Team member # 1 vs. 2 1 vs. 3 1 vs. 4 1 vs. 5 2 vs. 3 2 vs. 4 2 vs. 5 3 vs. 4 3 vs. 5 4 vs. 5 Result (Who is the Winner?) Repeat Experiment (only when you have finished step 5) Step 5: Make a Conclusion 1) Identify the dependent (test) variable and independent (outcome) variable in the experiment. 2) Who won the most rounds of thumb wars in your group? 3) Does that person have the longest thumb in your group? 4) Was your hypothesis correct (step 2)? 5) Why do you think you were correct or incorrect? (Why did the person with the longest thumb win OR why did someone who did NOT have the longest thumb win?) _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Explanation: After all groups complete the thumb war, the teacher asks each group who won and if they made the correct hypothesis. The teacher will ask how the groups made sure that the person who won did not win by a mere fluke (repetition). The teacher will review with the class the different steps that they took and why they were necessary to determine the outcome of the experiment. Elaboration: Students will repeat the experiment, keeping the steps of the scientific method in mind. Step 6: Repeat the experiment. If your group finishes early, then you have time to do the final step of the scientific method! Repeat your experiment again to make sure that the results you got the first time are correct. Record your results on the table above in the column that says “Repeat Experiment.”