Name: _______________________________
USVA History
Chapter 19.4 – Wilson Fights for peace
Main Idea - European leaders opposed most of Wilson's peace plan, and the U.S. Senate failed
to ratify the peace treaty
Wilson’s Plan





Eleventh day, eleventh hour in eleventh month (_______________________)
Met at the Palace of _____________________________ on January 1918
o Allies met to decide the peace terms
o Central Powers and _____________________________ were not invited
Wilson presented his plan called the “________________________” on January 18, 1918
o Wanted a just and lasting peace
o Wanted to establish a League of __________________________ which would
serve as an open forum for nations to discuss and settle issues w/o war
___________________________________ personally led US delegation
o Not good at negotiations
He only took 1 Republican with him-Not influential and old
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
o January 18, 1918 Wilson delivered his plan to _____________________________
o 1st 5 pts were to prevent war
o No secret ____________________________
o Freedom of the ______________________________
o Lower__________________________________
o _____________________________ reduction
o Colonial policies should consider the colonial people- self-_____________________
o Next 8 dealt with boundary changes
o New ____________________________ were created
o 14th point called for a ________________________ of __________________________
o International organization to address _______________________________ issues
o It had no army
Allies Reject Wilson’s Plan


France and England were furious at Germany-Germany destroyed tons of lives and land
o Felt Wilson was being too easy on Germany
o _________________________- (French premier) lived through 2 French invasions
o David Lloyd George- (British Prime Minister) won election on the slogan “make
____________________________ pay!”
o Vittorio Orlando (Italian Prime Minster)wanted control of Austrian-held territory
These 3 men worked out most of the details by themselves and left ___________________
out
o Wilson agreed as long as he got his League of Nations
Debating the Treaty





What was in the Treaty of __________________________________
Established 9 new nations from former ___________________ and Austrian-Hungary
land
__________________________, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
France and Great Britain got former Ottoman colonies on a temporary basis- mandates
Germany had to restrict its army, lost land and had to pay war
________________________________- $33 billion for war damages
The Treaty’s Weakness









The treaty humiliated Germany and they remained bitter and angry
War Guilt Clause- _________________________ had to take sole responsibility for
starting the war
Their military was _______________________
Germany had to pay back an insane amount of money
Germany lost its _____________________________possessions
Italy and Japan are angry b/c they felt like they should have been given more land
______________________________ was left out of the talks
New communist gov’t under Vladimir Lenin was determined to get taken land back
Colonized people were angry. They wanted _____________________________: ability
to decide on their own gov’t
Opposition to the Treaty




When Wilson returned home most felt the treaty was too ___________________
Many felt it didn’t help the colonized people gain freedom or self-determination
Many Americans wanted to stay ______________ of European affairs
Return to _______________________________________
Debate of the League of Nations








Democrats- supported treaty w/o modifications
Republican “Irreconcilables”- opposed it completely
Hiram Johnson and Robert La Follette
Republican “Revisionists”- wanted modifications to treaty
Said it threatened the US policy of isolation
Staying out of European affairs
Henry Cabot Lodge- (conservative Senator) was suspicious of joint military and
economic action against aggression
Article 10- a provision that allowed Congress to declare war to be added
Wilson Refuses to Compromise







Wilson alienated the ___________________________ Party by not having more of them
to join the delegation
Wilson refused to compromise on the League
Wilson traveled throughout the nation explaining why the US should join the
______________
On Oct. 2, 1919 Wilson suffered a stroke and was weakened
Senate vote- Nov. 1919
o Didn’t pass and didn’t ratify the treaty
o Wilson refused again to compromise
Senate voted again- March 1920
o Didn’t pass
The US never joined the _____________________________ and decided to sign a
separate treaty with Germany in 1921
Legacy of War







America emerges as an ____________________________ Giant
African-Americans move north (_________________________________)
There are intensified _____________________________ views
Brought over 1 million women into the work force
The Treaty of Versailles settled ______________________________
France and Great Britain got their way and punished Germany
_______________________
Germany, Italy, Japan and Russia were left _______________________