Français II Second Semester Study Guide
I. Vocabulaire
A. Unité 3 (La technologie): computers, cars, electronics, reflexive verbs, etc. (160)
B. Unité 4 (En ville): directions, landmarks, stores, banks, post office, etc. (196)
C. Unité 5 (L’avenir et les métiers): workplace, professions, jobs, telephone, etc. (234)
II. Grammaire
A. Les pronoms y et en (114-115)
1. y replaces a previously mentioned phrase that begins with the prepositions à, chez, dans, en,
or sur.
ex.
2. en replaces a previously mentioned phrase that begins with a partitive or indefinite article, or
with the preposition de.
ex.
3. Things to remember about y and en:
a. y and en precede the conjugated verb.
b. never omit y or en even when the English equivalents can be omitted.
c. always use en with a number or expressions of quantity when the noun is omitted.
d. use en to replace a prepositional phrase that begins with de.
e. in an infinitive construction, y and en precede the infinitive.
f. in the passé compose, the past participle never agrees with y or en.
g. in an affirmative tu command, add –s to any –er verb followed by y or en.
h. with imperatives, moi followed by y and en becomes m’y and m’en. Toi followed by
y and en becomes t’y and t’en.
i. remember our order of pronouns!
B. Prepostions with the infinitive: some conjugated verbs are followed directly by an infinitive.
Others are followed by the preposition à or de before the infinitive. (134)
1. place object pronouns before infinitives. Unlike definite articles, they do not contract with the
prepositions à and de.
2. the infinitive is also used after the prepositions pour and sans.
3. common verbs:
verbs followed directly by
verbs followed by à before
verbs followed by de before
infinitive
infinitive
infinitive
C. Reciprocal relexives: express a shared or reciprocal action between two or more people or things. In
this context, the pronoun means (to) each other or (to) one another. (136)
1. the past participle of a reciprocal verb does not agree with the subject when the subject is also
the indirect object of the verb.
ex. Marie a aidé son frère. Ils se sont aidés. but
Lise a parlé à sa sœur. Elles se sont parlé.
2. common reciprocal verbs
to adore one another
to get along well (with
one another)
to help one another
to speak to one
another
to love (to like) one
to leave one another
another
to know one another
to look at one another
to tell one another
to meet one another
(make an
acquaintance)
to give one another
to meet one another
(planned)
to write one another
to phone one another
to kiss one another
D. Ouvrir and offrir: although they end in –ir, they use the endings of regular –er verbs in the present
tense. (148)
1. ouvrir: (
)
j’ _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
like verbs: couvrir (
), découvrir (
souffrir (
)
ex.
2. offrir: (
)
j’ _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
), and
ex.
3. verbs like ouvrir and offrir are regular in the imparfait.
E. Le conditionnel: expresses what you would do or what would happen under certain circumstances.
(150-151)
1. formation:
a.
exception:
b.
je __________
nous __________
tu __________
vous __________
il/elle/on __________
ils/elles __________
2. special conditional forms:
il y a
il faut
il pleut
3. uses of the conditional:
a. to express what you would do or would happen
b. to make a polite request, soften a command
c. express what someone could or should do
d. use conditional with a past-tense verb to express what someone said or thought would
happen in the future at a past moment in time.
4. exemples:
F. Le futur simple: expresses what will happen. (184)
1. formation:
a.
exception:
b.
je __________
nous __________
tu __________
vous __________
il/elle/on __________
ils/elles __________
2. special conditional forms:
il y a
il faut
il pleut
3. exemples:
G. Irregular future and conditional stems and spelling change –er verbs (150, 184, 186)
1. Most spelling change –er verbs in the conditional tense follow this conjugation rule instead of
just using the infinitive:
a.
b.
exemples:
2. For –er verbs with an é before the infinitive ending form the conditional the same way as
regular verbs.
exemples:
3. Irregular future and conditional stems: only the stem is different – all endings are the same
infinitive
stem
future forms example
aller
apercevoir
avoir
devoir
envoyer
être
faire
pouvoir
recevoir
savoir
venir
voir
vouloir
4. venir: the verbs devenir, maintenir, retenir, revenir, and tenir are patterned after venir, just
like in the present tense.
H. Voir, croire, recevoir, and apercevoir (170-171)
1. voir: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
a. revoir (to see again) is derived from voir and is conjugated the same way.
2. croire: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
3. recevoir: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
4. apercevoir: (
)
je _____________
nous ________________
tu _____________
vous ________________
il/elle/on _____________
ils/elles _________________
past participle: (avoir) + ________________
a. s’apercevoir means to notice, to be aware of, or to realize.
I. Negative/affirmative expressions (172-173)
1. negative expressions:
none (not any)
never (not ever)
neither…nor
nobody, no one
no more (not anymore)
only
nothing (not anything)
2. to negate the expression il y a, place n’ before y and the second negative word after the form
of avoir.
3. the negative words personne and rien can be the subject of a verb, in which case they are
placed before the verb.
ex.
4. note that aucun(e) can be either an adjective or a pronoun. Therefore it must agree with the
noun it modifies. It is always used in the singular.
ex.
5. jamais, personne, plus, and rien can be doubled up with ne.
ex.
6. to say neither…nor, use three negative words: ne…ni…ni. Note that partitive and indefinite
articles are usually omitted.
ex.
7. in the passé composé, the words jamais, plus, and rien are placed between the auxiliary verb
and the past participle. Aucun(e), personne, and que follow the past participle.
ex.
8. these expressions can be used in affirmative phrases. Note that when jamais is not
accompanied by ne, it can mean ever.
ex.
9. note that personne, quelque chose, quelqu’un and rien can be modified with an adjective
after de.
ex.
J. Le futur simple with quand and dès que: use of future tense where English uses present tense. (206)
1. in a clause that begins with quand or dès que (as soon as), use the future tense if the clause
describes an event that will happen in the future, even if the English equivalent uses the
present tense.
ex.
2. if a clause with quand or dès que does not describe a future action, another tense may be used
for the verb.
ex.
K. Le pronom interrogatif lequel (208)
1. if a person or thing has already been mentioned, use a form of lequel, translated as which
one(s), in place of quel(le)(s) + [noun].
ex.
2. lequel agrees with the noun to which it refers:
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
3. place the form of lequel wherever you would place quel(le)(s) + [noun] in a question
ex.
4. remember that past participles agree with preceding direct objects
ex.
5. forms of lequel contract with the preposition à:
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
ex.
6. forms of lequel contract with the preposition de:
singular
plural
masculine
feminine
ex.
L. Si clauses: describes a condition or event upon which another condition or event depends. (222)
1. can speculate or hypothesize about a current event or condition. They express what would
happen if an event or condition were to occur. This is called a contrary-to-fact situation.
In such instances, the verb in the si clause is in the ___________________, while the
verb in the main clause is in the ___________________.
Si + ______________________ = _______________________
ex.
2. can express conditions or events that are possible or likely to occur. In such instances, the si
clause is in the _________________ while the main clause is in the
___________________ or ____________________.
Si + _____________________ = ________________________
ex.
3. use a si clause alone with the imparfait to make a suggestion or express a wish.
ex.
M. Relative pronouns qui, que, dont, où: link two phrases together into a longer, more complex
sentence. The second phrase gives additional information about the first phrase. In English,
relative pronouns can sometimes be omitted, but not in the French phrase. (224-225)
1. qui: ___________________________________
a. use if an element of the first phrase is the ___________________ of the second phrase.
b. exemples:
2. que: ___________________________________
a. use if an element of the first phrase is the ___________________ of the second phrase.
b. remember the past participle following que agrees in _________________ and
_________________ with the ___________________________.
c. exemples:
3. dont: ___________________________________
a. use to replace an element in the first phrase that is the object of the preposition ______
in the second phrase.
b. exemples:
4. où: _____________________________________
a. use if an element of the first phrase is a __________________ or _________________.
b. exemples: