Balancing Nationalism and
Sectionalism
Chapter 7
Who was Eli Whitney?
• Inventor of the Cotton
Gin which increased the
need for slavery
• Interchangeable parts
revolutionized
manufacturing and mass
production in the North.
• Industrial Revolutiontransition from handmade
to machine made goods.
What are examples of the
Industrial Revolution in the
United States?
• Samuel Slater- textile
factory system
• Lowell Factoryyoung women worked
and lived in the
company town.
• No workers rights and
lack of safety.
What were the two economic
systems in America?
• North- factories,
manufacturing, and
small farms not
dependent on slavery.
• South- Cotton is King,
cash crops,
agricultural society,
slavery is a way of
life.
What was Henry Clay’s
American System?
• Develop transportation
systems and internal
improvements (Erie
Canal and National
Road
• Tariff of 1816- tax on
foreign goods
• Creating a Second
National Bank
What were the important coure
cases of the Marshall Court?
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)gave federal government
control of interstate trade.
McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819)- States could not
tax the federal
government.
Fletcher v. Peck and
Dartmouth v.
Woodward- dealt with
contract law.
Federal power strengthened
under the Marshall court.
What was the Adams Onis Treaty
(1819)?
• Spain gave Florida to
the United States and
gave up its claims to
Oregon.
What was the Monroe Doctrine
(1823)?
• President Monroe
warned all outside
powers not to interfere
with affairs in the
Western Hemisphere.
• U.S. would not
involve itself in
European Affairs.
• U.S. foreign policy for
many years to come.
What was the Missouri
Compromise of 1820?
• Debate about westward
expansion and balance
between free and slaves states.
• Henry Clay wrote the
Compromise.
• Maine would be a free state and
Missouri would be a slave state.
• All states North of the 36 30
line would be free and south
slave.
• Louisiana Purchase split in half
free and slave.
What do you need to know about
James Monroe?
• 5th President of U.S.
from Virginia (18171825)
• Monroe Doctrine
• Era of Good Feelings
• Missouri Compromise
• Marshall Court
What do I need to know about
John Quincy Adams?
• 6th President of the U.S.
(1825-1829)
• Son of John Adams
• Became President by the
corrupt bargain where
Henry Clay swung the
election in the House of
Representatives.
• Unsuccessful Presidency
Why was Andrew Jackson such
an important President?
• First Common Man
President (from
Tennessee) (1829-1837)
• Spoils system- appointed
friends and political
supporters to jobs.
• Trail of Tears- Indian
Removal Act forced
Cherokee Indians on a 800
mile trip from Georgia to
Oklahoma. 25% of
Cherokee die.
What happened in the case
Worcester V. Georgia (1832)?
• Supreme Court ruled
that Georgia had not
right to the Cherokee
land.
• Jackson disobeyed the
Court and still ordered
the removal of the
Cherokee and forcing
the Trail of Tears.
What was debate of tariffs about?
• John C. Calhoun
(Jackson’s VP) called the
Tariff of 1828 the Tariff
of Abominations. He
wanted to nullify (or
disobey federal law)
• The South did not want
high tariffs because of
their trade relationship
with Britain.
• North businesses
approved of the tariff.
• Threatened to leave or
secede the Union.
What was the Hayne and Webster
Debate?
• Robert Hayne(South
Carolina)- preached states’
rights and opposed tariff.
• Daniel Webster of
Massachusetts- supported
federal government
authority over the states.
• 1833- Henry Clay came
up with a compromise that
would lower tariffs
gradually.
Why was Jackson so opposed to
the Bank of United States?
• Saw the Bank as an
elitist institution.
• Personal feelings of
dislike towards Henry
Clay and Nicholas
Biddle
• Put federal money in
PET banks and
destroyed the Bank.
What do I need to know about
Martin Van Buren?
• 8th President (18371841)
• Panic of 1837economic depression
caused by the
destruction of the
Bank of the U.S.
• Miserable presidency
What do I need to know about
William Henry Harrison?
•
•
•
•
9th President (1841)
War Hero
Political campaigning
Died of pneumonia
one month after
inauguration.
What do I need to know about
John Tyler?
• 10th President (18411845)
• From Virginia
• Opposed many of the
Whig programs
• Lost support of his
own political party.
What were the beliefs of the
Whig Party?
• Backed the American
System of Henry Clay
• For the protective
tariff
• Wanted to build
federal roads and
canals
• Wanted a stronger
banking system
What was the 2nd Great
Awakening?
• Led by Charles Finney
• Promoted individualism
and responsibility
• Led revivals
• Brought Christianity to
African Americans
• Centers of democratic
thought
• Creation of new churches:
example: Unitarians
What is transcendentalism?
• A philosophy and literary
movement that
emphasizes nature and
living a simple life.
• Ralph Waldo EmersonN.England writer.
• Henry David Thoreaucivil disobedience and
self-reliance.
What were examples of utopian
communities?
• Trying to create the
perfect place.
• Brook Farm- many
famous writers and artists
lived here. (Nathaniel
Hawthorne)
• Shakers- believed men
and women were equal,
vowed not to marry or
have children so they
relied on converts. Only 7
remiain in the U.S. today.
Who was Dorothea Dix?
• Led both prison
reform and wanted to
improve treatment for
the mentally ill.
• Rehabilitation instead
of punishment
Who was Horace Mann?
• Father of Public
Education
• Wanted all children to
go school
• Tax supported schools
What was the abolitionist
movement?
• Began in the 1820’s to
call for an end of
slavery
• William Lloyd
Garrison
• Frederick Douglass
• Sojourner Truth
Who was William Lloyd
Garrison?
• Abolitionist
• Newspaper called the
Liberator
• Wanted immediate
emancipation
(freedom) for slaves.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
• Former slave turned
abolitionist
• Newspaper called the
North Star
• Acted as the voice of
emancipation
What was life like as a rural
slave?
• Men, women, and
children worked in the
fields from dawn to
dusk.
• Large plantations
• Sold from family
• Beaten by masters and
overseers
What was life like as an urban
slave?
• Worked in special skill
positions like
blacksmith or
carpentry.
• Hired out by masters
and some even got
keep a small wage.
• More freedom than
living on a plantation
Who was Nat Turner?
• Led a slave rebellion
in Southampton, VA
• Attacked 4 plantations
and killed 60 whites
before being captured.
• Scared slave owners
and tighten hold on
slaves (could not read
or write)
What defenses were used on the
proslavery side?
• Used the Bible to
defend slavery
• Christianity benefited
slaves
• Myth of the happy
slave
What was the gag rule?
• Debate between pro
and anti slavery men
became intense in
Congress.
• 1836- gag rule
prevented any
discussion of slavery.