I am Anila Nosheen from COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology, Islamabad. I have done my
Masters in English (Linguistics & Literature) from National
University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad. I did
my MPhil from International Islamic University (IIU),
Islamabad. I have worked with Higher Education
Commission (HEC) for more than two and a half years as a
Project Manager of English Language Teaching Reforms
(ELTR) Project. There I got exclusive experience of
organizing Teacher Training Programs. I have also
organized the Continuous Professional Development
(CPD) Programs for the capacity building of COMSATS
Teaching faculty. Currently I am rendering my services to
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak
Shahzad Campus, Islamabad as a Lecturer in Humanities
Department.
About the Course
Essay Writing
&
Presentation Skills
(ENG406)
COURSE DESCRIPTION
• ENG406 is Essay Writing and Presentation Skills
course designed for students to:
– develop knowledge of essay crafting skills
– presentation techniques
relevant to future programs and career fields
3
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• After successfully completing ENG406, the student will be
able to:
• Write variety of essay styles (narrative, descriptive,
expository, persuasive)
• Write for a variety of purposes and audiences
• Apply the writing process (prewriting, writing, and revising)
• Demonstrate basic grammar and sentence skills in writing
• Develop his/her personal writing style/voice
• Self-edit writing and analyze other writing samples
• Critically evaluate a variety of reading passages
• Carry out library and on-line research
• Organize and deliver an oral presentation
4
WHAT IS AN ESSAY?
•
•
An essay is an organized collection of
your thoughts on a particular topic.
An essay consists of three major
parts:
1. Introduction
2. Main body
3. Conclusion
5
WHAT IS AN ESSAY?
•
Essays can be either:
o
o
o
o
Long or Short
Serious or Humorous
Formal or Informal
Can describe your opinions
or be a synopsis of expert
opinions.
6
Course Contents
32 Lectures= 32 Topics
on Essay Writing and Presentation Skills
7
1.
Language and Communication Skills
•
•
•
•
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
8
Listening
Receptive
Skills
Reading
Speaking
Productive
Skills
Writing
9
10
2. The Writing Skill
• Writing styles
– Formal writing
• Essays, Reports, Proposals, Letters, Memorandums, Thesis
etc
• Follow a specific format
• Specific contents
• Written for specific audience
– Informal writing
•
•
•
•
Articles, Creative writing etc
No format
Use of figurative language
Personal thoughts and feelings
11
3. What is Essay?
• Definition & Characteristics
• Essay and Paragraph (similar yet different)
– An essay is an organized collection of your
thoughts on a particular topic.
– Topic Sentence (Beginning)
– Supporting Details (Middle)
– Closing Sentence (End)
12
WHAT
IS AN ESSAY?
3. What
is Essay?
Cont..
Writers use essays to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Describe or define a subject (What is Life?)
Compare related items in a subject
(The Difference Between Apples and Oranges)
Show cause and effect (If You Write It, They Will Read)
Write a narrative (My Summer Vacation)
Explain a process (How to Write an Essay)
Deliver an argument (The Case Against Essay
Questions)
Critique (My Least Favorite Movie)
13
4. The Writing Process
• Pre-writing Stage
o Pre-writing
o Free-writing
o Note keeping
o Brain storming
o Mind Mapping
o Clustering
o Tree Diagram etc
 Writing Stage
 Re-writing
14
5. Types of Essays
• There are many different kinds of essays. The following are a some of
the most common ones that we are going to study in this course:
• Descriptive Essay
• Definition Essay
• Process Essay
• Compare/Contrast Essay
• Academic Essay
• Cause/Effect Essay
• Narrative Essay
• Argumentative (persuasive) Essay
• Critical Essay
• Expository Essays
15
6. Writing an Essay with the help of
outline
• An essay outline is probably the most
important friend you will have while writing
your essay.
• It is the skeleton of your ideas.
• It is the framework by which you will write an
essay.
• It is difficult to write one without an outline.
16
7. Essay Organization
• Common methods of beginning
• Cohesion
– means connecting your ideas together in a logical
way, depending on the type of essay you are
writing.
• Coherence
– means using pronouns, conjunctions etc to tie the
ideas in your essay together.
17
8. Descriptive Essay
1. Descriptive Essay:
– The descriptive essay provides details about how
something looks, feels, tastes, smells and makes one
feel, or sounds.
– It can also describe what something is, or how
something happened.
– These essays generally use a lot of sensory details.
– The essay could be a list-like description that provides
point by point details.
Examples: A descriptive essay could describe . . .
* a tree in my backyard;
* a visit to the children's ward of a hospital;
18
2. DEFINITION
8. Definition
Essay ESSAY
• A definition essay attempts to define
a specific term.
• It could try to pin down the meaning
of a specific word, or define an
abstract concept.
Examples: A definition essay may try and define . . .
*
the meaning of an abstract concept, like love;
*
the true meaning and importance of honesty;
*
how the meaning of family goes deeper than just your
blood relatives.
19
10. Process Essay
• It describes how to do something or tell how
something happens.
• When readers finish this type of essay, they
get to know how to do something that they
didn't know before
20
3. COMPARE/CONTRAST
11.
Compare/Contrast EssayESSAY
The compare/contrast essay discusses the similarities
and differences between two things, people, concepts,
places, etc.
•
A comparison essay usually discusses the
similarities between two things
•
the contrast essay discusses the differences.
Examples: A compare/contrast essay may discuss …
*
the likenesses and differences between two places,
like New York City and Los Angeles;
*
the similarities and differences between two
religions,
like Christianity and Islam;
*
two people, like my brother and myself
21
4. CAUSE/EFFECT
12. Cause/Effect
Essay ESSAY
The cause/effect essay explains why or how some
event happened, and what resulted from the event.
•
A cause essay usually discusses the reasons why
something happened
•
An effect essay discusses what happens after a
specific event or circumstance.
Examples: A cause/effect essay may explain . . .
*
why a volcano erupts, and what happens
afterwards;
22
5. NARRATIVE
13. Narrative
Essay ESSAY
The narrative essay tells a story. It can also be
called a "short story."
•
Conversational in style
•
Tells of a personal experience
Examples: A narrative essay could tell of ...
* my brother's and my fishing trips;
* a boring trip to the grocery store;
* my near-death experience at the beach.
23
14. Argumentative (persuasive) Essay
An argumentative essay is one that attempts to
persuade the reader to the writer's point of view.
The writer can either be serious or funny, but
always tries to convince the reader of the validity
of his or her opinion.
Examples: An argumentative essay may persuade a reader
that . . .
*
he or she should use public transportation
instead of driving
*
cats are better than dogs
24
7. CRITICAL
ESSAY
15. Critical
Essay
A critical essay analyzes the strengths, weaknesses
and methods of someone else's work.
A critical essay can be written about another essay,
story, book, poem, movie, or work of art.
Examples: A critical essay may analyze . . .
* how Shakespeare presents the character, Hamlet, in
his play, Hamlet;
* the strengths and weaknesses of the movie, Bol;
* the use of color in Monet's painting, Sunflowers.
25
16. Expository Essays
• Expository essays are essays that explain
something with facts, as opposed to opinion.
Sample styles include:
– Papers that analyze events, ideas, objects, or
written works
– Papers that describe a process
– Papers that explain/describe a historical event
26
17. Academic Essay/Paper
• The academic essay is generally written in
response to a question
• You are expected to present a point of view
(expressed in a thesis statement) that is
informed by research
• Your aim is to develop a supporting argument
for the thesis you propose
27
18. What is Presentation?
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Is Presentation a Communication?
Planning Your Presentation
How to make a Presentation?
“Great speakers aren’t born,
they are trained”
28
19. Types of Presentations
• Informative– used to present research.
– Paper presentation
• Demonstrative–
– show how to do something
– Procedural
• Persuasive–
– A try to change the way you think about a subject or issue
• Inspirational–
– These speeches are designed to make your audience move
– Also considered a “motivational” speech
29
20. Creating the Presentation
•
•
•
•
Performing a needs analysis
Writing the basic outline
Researching, writing and editing
etc
30
21. The Presentation Sequence
• Creation
• Preparation
• Presentation
31
22. Verbal communication Skills
• Listening and Hearing: They aren't the same
thing
• Asking questions
• Communicating with power
• etc
32
23. Non-verbal communication in
Presentation
– Body language
– The signals you send to others
– It's not WHAT you say, It's HOW you say it
33
24. Use of Para-verbal Communication
during Presentation
25. Creating Effective Visual Aids
34
26. Effective Presentation Techniques
• Do’s and Don’ts
– Slides
– Ground rules
– Font analysis
– Color schemes
– Text tips
– Bullets
– Spelling and grammar
– etc
35
27. Choosing your Delivery Methods
•
•
•
•
Basic methods
Advanced methods
Basic criteria to consider
etc
36
28. A Word from the boss
• Preparing mentally
• Physical relaxation techniques
• How to prepare yourself look confident in
front of the crowd
• etc
37
29. Pumping it up a Notch
•
•
•
•
•
Make them laugh a little
Ask them a question
Encouraging discussion
Dealing with questions
etc
38
30. Overcoming Nervousness
31. Sample Presentations (slide
shows)- discussion
32. Sample (videos)- discussion
39