
The four principal parts of a verb are as
follows:
 Infinitive (base form)
 Present Participle
 Past
 Past Participle

Infinitive: to work
 Present participle: (is) working
 Past: worked
 Past participle: (have) worked

Helping verbs are used with the present
participle and past participle to form some
tenses.

A regular verb forms its past and past
participle by adding –d or –ed to the
infinitive.
 Use/(is) using/used/(have used)
 Drown/(is) drowning/drowned/(have)drowned

Irregular verbs form past and past participle
in some other way than by adding –d or –ed.
 Ring/ring/rang/(have) rung
 Burst/burst/burst/(have) burst


Complete Exercise 1, page 234
Complete Exercise 2, page 239

Take the diagnostic preview A on page 200.
 Number your paper from 1-10.
 Write the correct form of the verb next to the
number.
 If it is correct as it is, write the letter C.


Repeat these steps for the diagnostic preview
B on page 201.
Trade & grade when done.

A verb should agree in number with its
subject.
 Singular subjects take singular verbs
▪ Examples p 202
 Plural subjects take plural verbs
▪ Examples p 203


In-class practice: Exercise 2, p 203.
Homework: study the subject-verb
agreement handout

The number of a subject is not changed by a
phrase or clause following the subject.
 See examples, pp 158, 159

Note: If the subject is the indefinite pronoun
(all, any, more, most, none, or some), its
number may be determined by the object of
the prepositional phrase that follows it.
 All of the vegetables were peeled. (plural object)
 All of the salad was eaten. (singular object)

The following pronouns are singular:
 Anybody, anyone, anything, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, neither,
nobody, nothing, no one, one, somebody,
someone, and something.

The following pronouns are plural:
 Both, few, many, and several

The following may be singular or plural,
depending on their meaning in a sentence
 All, any, more, most, none, and some

Practice, exercise 5, p 207.

A pronoun usually refers to a noun or another
pronoun in a sentence. This word is called the
antecedent.
 Example: Brian lost his book.
 Brian is the antecedent of his.

A pronoun should agree in both number
and gender with its antecedent.