 England is the largest and most popular country of the UK.
 The largest and also the capital city is London.
 The official language is English.
 The area of England is 130 395 km².
 The population of England is 49,138,831
 The population density in England is 388.7 / km ².
 Its inhabitants account for more than 85% of the total UK population.
 Currency is British Pound, which is divided into pence

History of England is similar to the history of Britain until the invasion of Saxons. In prehistoric times stone circles at Stonehenge were built. In the heyday of the Roman Empire, the Romans ruled Britain. Later Anglo-Saxons came here.
In the period around the year 800, the island became a target for Viking raids. England conquered Wales in the 13th century.
From the 15th century, the country receives a significant cultural and legal impact in the world. English, Anglican Church and the law became the basis of many social systems. During the
Renaissance Tudors ruled England.
In the 18th century, they were united with Scotland. And in the
19th century Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of
Ireland.

The British Isles are in the temperate zone and the climate is influenced by the the Atlantic ocean and its Gulf Stream. They have cool winters and warm summers with frequent rains. The sky is mostly overcast and fogs are very common.There are big differences between the temperatures in winter and in summer. Most of the year, temperatures range between 10 and 20 degrees.

The political system is a constitutional
Monarchy. Head of State is Queen –
Elizabeth II. The U.K. has got the Prime Minister and he is David Herbert Cameron.

The second largest city is Birmingham.
Other large and important cities include
Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Newcastle,
Sheffield, Bristol, Coventry, Leicester,
Nottingham and Hull, situated mostly in central and northern England.
The 2nd largest port of England is the Port of London.

England comprises most of the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, in addition to a number of small islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. England is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales
.
In Lake District National Park is England's highest mountain - Scaffell Pike (978 m)
There are many places, which you have to visit, when you come to England:

Sherwood Forest is a royal forest, which is linked with the legend of Robin Hood. Sherwood Forest is also another place where we can see the famous Major Oak, which was according to local folklore, a major hiding place of Robin Hood. Old oak can be 800 to 1000 years old. Sherwood
Forest area was limited to 423 hectares, which are spread around the village
.
of Edwinstowe.

Stonehenge is a sophisticated temple built between 2950 to 1600 BC. It is located in southern England.
This building has been a mystery for centuries.
The biggest mystery was that stones are too heavy.
Larger megaliths weighed almost 50 tons. Scientists still do not know precisely what
Stonehenge was designed for , they certainly can not say either whether it was really the work of man.

Clock Tower was built by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the reconstruction of the original
Westminster Palace, which was destroyed in large fire in 1834. 93 meters high clock tower that is on the northeastern end of
Westminster Palace or the main bell (Big Ben), has become one of the typical symbols of
London. Watches are famous for their precision, despite the fact that their author was a watchmaker - amateur Edmund
Backett .

Tower Bridge over the River
Thames stands next to the fort the Tower of London under which it is named.
It´s 65 meters tall , built in the Gothic style.
Bridge construction began in
1886, lasted eight years and cost approximately one million pounds. Bridge was opened in 1894 by the Prince of Wales.
Bridge is lifted about 500 times in a year.

William the Conqueror built white marble White
Tower, which is at the heart of historic buildings.
The building was at first used as the strength, then as a prison, but there was a torture room, scaffold, or armory too. Inside, carefully hidden and protected by the typical Beefeaters in red uniforms are British crown jewels, the most precious treasures of London .

Is bordered by the main shopping and entertainment centres.
It has exclusive position in the heart of West End and is one of the busiest traffic intersections, Piccadilly
Circus is a popular and attractive tourist attraction.
The square is known mainly because of neon signs – billboards are "decorating" buildings since the early
20th century.

Officially also a collegiate church of St. Peter is a Gothic cathedral building.
It is located near
Westminster Palace, seat of the British
Parliament. Abbey is the traditional place of coronation and final resting place of British monarchs.
In addition to the kings nearly 400 other celebrities of
English history had been buried there (Newton, Dickens...)

St Paul `s Cathedral is located on Ludgate Hill in London.
The seat of the Archbishop of London. The current building is the fourth St Paul's Cathedral in the same place
(above destroyed by fire, started to decay, or have been rebuilt). The main part of the interior of the cathedral is dedicated to a member of the British Army. The last major ceremony organized there by the British royal family was the royal wedding of Prince
Charles and Diana Spencer.

Trafalgar Square is located in central London. It is named after the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, which was won by the
British navy led by Horatio
Nelson. It was first used as the king's stables.
Around 1845, it was given the current form. On the square you will find several important buildings .
Trafalgar Square is a major tourist attraction. A favourite activity of tourists and Londoners were feeding the pigeons, which led to the massive outbreak. At the present they are located around 35 000 and pollute the square.

The British Library is located on a busy London street,
Euston Road. It was opened for the public in 1998 as the most expensive public building in Britain at that time. Among the largest library in the world in her collection is more than
150 million U.S. artifacts in all world languages
-13000000 books, 920,000 magazines and newspapers,
57 million patents, 3 million sound recordings. Every year more than 3 million items will be added to the library.

• Queen Victoria - she sat on the throne 64 years and became the ruler of a huge empire. In memory of Britons is this period as a golden age imprint. Britain was the master of the world, it prospered and grew.

• Sir Thomas Morewas an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman,. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and was Lord
Chancellor from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. He wrote an
"utopia" – he gave a name to the ideal and imaginary island nation, the political system of which he described in
Utopia published in 1516.

• Robin HoodHe was an English mythical folk hero, outlaw and protector of the poor, who reportedly lived in
Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire in central England during the reign of King Richard I. Lionheart. He was locaded in many English folk tales of 14th and 15th century, and was the hero of many films, books, comics and games.

• Oliver Cromwell Was an English statesman, leader of the English Revolution. He was a member of Parliament.
In the years 1642 - 1648 resulted in civil war between
King Charles I. and Parliament. Parliament won and the king was executed. Then in England for a while dominated parliament. Later, Oliver
Cromwell dissolved it and began to rule as Lord
Protector (dictator).
After his death in 1660 came to the throne the son of the executed King Charles II.

• King Arthur is a legendary figure of British mythology.
It is described as the ideal of kingship in times of war and in peace time. The central figure of the cycle of legends known as the Arthurian legends. Born on the 5th century.
Still not clear whether Arthur, or until someone could be inspired by the legend, really existed, or is just a mythical figure in historical times.

• Elizabeth II. full name is Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
Windsor , is from 6th February 1952 the current queen of the
United Kingdom. Queen Elizabeth took the throne after the death of her father George VI. and on 2nd June 1953 was crowned in Westminster Abbey .

• George Stephenson (1781 - 1848) English engineer and railway pioneer. He invented the steam locomotive, which formed the basis of rail transport, advised the construction of the first European Railways
• Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867)
He was an English physicist and chemist. Constructed the first electric generator. Faraday gave the theoretical basis for all electric motors and dynamos.

Issac Newton
was the one of the most influential names in the world of physics, Newton importance is due to his laws and discoveries and he remains on the list of the greatest scientists of all time .

• Sir Robert Charlton , or Bobby Charlton, is the living legend of English football.(Manchester United),
• David Beckham is one of the most prominent British football players of our time.(Manchester United),
• Nigel Mansell is one of the most remarkable figures in the history of Formula One, the most famous racing championship on the planet.
• Sir Stephen Redgrave is arguably the best rower world wide and the most successful British athlete of all time.
• Martin Johnson is considered the best contemporary
English rugby player.

.
• Geoffrey Chaucercalled the father of
English literature
• Charles DickensRecognised as one of the excelent English prose writers

Shakespeareauthor of about 38 plays, definitely changed the state of the theatrical world. his works have beentranslated into numerous languages, and have defined the standards of literature.
Lewis Carroll - English author, mathematician, and Anglican clergyman wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland;
Daniel Defoe - was an English writer, journalist, , who gained fame for his novel
Robinson Crusoe.

Jane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility made her one of the most widely read writers in English literature.
Joanne Rowling, is famous as the author of the series of fantasy books about Harry Potter, which attracted international interest and received many awards.

The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music
Twins Robin and Maurice and their older brother, Barry were known for over three decades in the music business as the
Bee Gees.

A long time ago the year was marked out with special days which marked the passing year. These were days of celebrations where people would do things, eat things or make things which they would not normally do.

Britain is full of culture and traditions which have been around for hundreds of years. British customs and traditions are famous all over the world.
When people think of Britain they often think of people drinking tea, eating fish and chips and wearing bowler hats, but there is more to Britain than just those things. We have English and British traditions of sport, music, food and many royal occasions.
There are also songs, sayings and superstitions.

At Easter time in the UK they have two bank holidays (public holidays): Good
Friday and Easter Monday. This means that many families can enjoy a long weekend together.

On Good Friday families are baking Hot Cross Bunstraditional English Easter spiced and fruited buns\ with crosses on top, which are served split, toasted and buttered throughout the Easter period (they're called Hot Cross Buns even if they're served cold).

Easter Monday, another UK Public Holiday, has little religious significance but is the occasion for numerous secular customs. Egg rolling is very popular in England and the rest of the UK as an Easter
Monday sport. Hard-boiled eggs are rolled down a hill. Customs differ from place to place.
The winner's egg may be the one that rolls the farthest, survives the most rolls, or is rolled between two pegs.

Every year in December we celebrate the birthday of
Jesus Christ. That is why British call this time of year
'Christmas' – they celebrate the 'Mass', or church service, for Christ. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th
December, with a Christmas dinner at midday for the whole family. During the weeks before Christmas
Day, they send cards, watch nativity plays and go to carol services.
They put up Christmas decorations in their homes and churches.

British food has traditionally been based on beef, lamb, pork, chicken and fish and generally served with potatoes and one other vegetable. The most common and typical foods eaten in Britain include the sandwich, fish and chips, pies like the cornish pasty, trifle and roasts dinners. Some of their main dishes have strange names like Bubble & Squeak and Toad-in-the-Hole
.

Many images associated with England are found on souvenirs. Most commonly depicted are the flag of England
(St George's Cross), Royal Guardsmen,
Double Deck Buses, Red Post Boxes,
Telephone Kiosks, The Royal Family,
Buckingham Palace, Houses Of Parliament,
St Paul's Cathedral, Policemen, The London
Eye, Pub Signs and Tea.

The three national symbols of England are the
St. George's cross (usually seen as a flag), the red rose and the Three Lions crest (usually seen as a badge).

The red rose is widely recognised as the national flower of England
The oak is the national tree of England

Prince
Charles
Queen
Elizabeth II
.
Prince William

Red
Double
Decker buses
Black taxi cabs

Pillar (Post) Box
Telephone box
Both the post box and telephone box have a picture of a crown on them. The crown on the postbox also has the monarchs initials underneath.

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