Objective 1 Terms: What is light and how is light produced
produce
light
photon
electron
kinetic energy
valence
vacuum
atom
collide
medium
Objective 2 Terms: -escent light: incandescent, phosphorescent, & chemiluminescent
chemiluminescent
phosphorescent
incandescent
tungsten
semiconductor
Objective 3 Terms: the EM spectrum
electromagnetic wave
wavelength
electromagnetic spectrum
frequency
amplitude
rays
fluorescence
ultraviolet
infrared
gamma
radio
microwave
visible
Objective 4 Terms: ray diagram
ray diagram
Objective 5 Terms: Reflection of light
reflection
incident ray
reflected ray
angle
Snell’s Law
convex
concave
bounce
normal
Objective 6 Terms: Refraction of light
refraction
interface
speed
medium
bend
Objective 7 Terms: Color
color
absorb
emission (emit)
matter
temperature
retina
rod
cone
Review
light
Quizzes on
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/physical_processes/light/quiz/q44852863/
http://www.physics4kids.com/extras/quiz_light_intro/
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/science/light/quiz882.html
Objective 1 Terms: What is light and how is light produced
produce – to make
light – a type of energy called electromagnetic radiation that travles at 300,000km/s
photon – packet of energy that makes light
electron – negatively charged particle
kinetic energy – energy that an object in motion has
vacuum – a space without any matter (as in outer space)
atom – the basic unit of matter
collide – to hit, strike, or bump into something
valence – the electrons that are the outermost or furthest away from the nucleus of an atom
medium – material that light travels through and is made of atoms
Objective 2 Terms: -escent light: incandescent, phosphorescent, & chemiluminescent
chemiluminescent – light made from a chemical reaction
phosphorescent - light made from objects that glow in the dark
incandescent – objects that emit visible, white light such as from a light bulb
tungsten – a type of metal used in light bulbs
semiconductor – material that can conduct electricity only in some conditions
Objective 3 Terms: the EM spectrum
electromagnetic wave – a light wave
wavelength – the distance in a wave from one crest of a wave to the next crest
electromagnetic spectrum - the scientific term for all of the different types of light
frequency – how fast a wave vibrates up and down measured in hertz
amplitude – the height if a wave
rays
fluorescence – when visible light is emitted from an object after higher energy light (such as
UV light) hits the object
ultraviolet – a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) that cannot be seen by our eyes but
can cause a sunburn and helps our bodies to produce Vitamin D
infrared - a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) that cannot be seen by our eyes but can
be felt as heat
gamma - a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) with the highest amount of energy that
cannot be seen by our eyes but can damage our cells and destroy DNA
radio - a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) that has the lowest amount of energy that
cannot be seen by our eyes but can be used to carry information from radio stations
microwave - a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) that cannot be seen by our eyes but
can be used to heat up water molecules to cook food
visible - a type of electromagnetic radiation (light) that we can see
Objective 4 Terms: ray diagram
ray diagram – a diagram showing the path light travels
2
Objective 5 Terms: Reflection of light
reflection – when light bounces off a surface
incident ray – the incoming light ray or the light beam that goes towards a surface
reflected ray – the light ray that bounces or is reflected away from a surface
angle – the amount of space between two lines that are connected at a point
Snell’s Law - the incident ray (incoming light wave) reflects back at the same angle as the
reflected ray (outgoing light wave)
convex – curves outwards
concave– curves inwards
bounce – to collide and spring back
normal – perpendicular; a line the makes a T or L with surface at a 90o angle
Objective 6 Terms: Refraction of light
refraction - when light travels through a medium but is bent as it travels through
interface – the place where two different mediums meet
speed - distance per unit time
bend – to change direction
Objective 7 Terms: Color
color – the individual waves in visible, white light
absorb – to soak up like a sponge
emission (emit) – to release
matter – material made of atoms
temperature – a measure of heat
retina – the inner coating of cells in the back of the eye
rod – cells in the retina that process black and white
cone – cells in the retina that process color
3
Web Resources
Objective 1: What is light and how is light produced
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAO8FVBfRks (start at 5:29)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ8WkY_9kro
http://optics.synopsys.com/learn/kids/optics-kids-light.html
Objective 2: -escent light: incandescent, phosphorescent, & chemiluminescent
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/creatures-of-light/creatures
http://home.howstuffworks.com/light-bulb.htm
Objective 3: the EM spectrum
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/index.html
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelen
gth_astronomy/activities.html
Objective 4: ray diagram & Objective 5: Reflection of light
http://www.stepbystep.com/how-to-draw-a-ray-diagrams-for-convex-mirrors-7580/
Objective 5: Reflaction of light
http://online.brothergames.com/flash-games/reflection.html (reflection game)
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/gamesactivities/howwesee.html (cool activities)
Objective 6: Refraction of light
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/refraction/index.html
http://www.animatedscience.co.uk/refraction-of-light (animations)
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/optics/bp.cfm (animation)
Objective 7: Color - emitted & reflected
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/light.html
http://www.learner.org/teacherslab/science/light/color/
4
What is light and how is light made?
Objective 1: You should be able to describe what light is made of and how light is
produced.
Draw and label the parts of an atom: proton, neutron, electron, electron shell, and nucleus.
Can you identify the atom you drew? (Atom depends on the number of protons in the
nucleus – can tell by looking at the periodic tableElectron shell
Light is made of tiny packets of energy that
are called
photons, which can travel at speeds of up to 300,000 km/s (speed of light).
Describe what a photon might look like if you could see one.
A medium is any material made of atoms that light travels through; air, glass, water, you,
etc.
Can photons travel through a vacuum (a vacuum is outer space where there is no matter)?
Explain.
Read the table on how light is made then answer the following:
1. If you think of each electron shell as being part of a staircase, describe what would happen if the
electron were not hit with enough energy to reach the next shell. What does this tell you about
the energy of the photon hitting the electron?
2. Compare the energy of the photon that collides with the electron and
the photon emitted by the electron – which will have more energy?
Why?
5
How is Light made
Notes on skit or model
Students are to work in groups to make a skit, poster, or model demonstrating how light is produced
6
Incandescent, Phosphorescent, & Chemiluminescent Light
Objective 2: You should be able to compare and contrast phosphorescent,
chemiluminescent, & incandescent light.
Objects such as light bulbs, emit white or visible light. These are called incandescent.
Objects
that
glow in the dark are called phosphorescent (see diagram above).
Phosphorescent objects are coated with either zinc sulphide (ZnS) or strontium aluminate
(SrAl2O4). When light shines on these chemicals the photons from the light excite (bump)
the electrons into a higher orbit then they fall back down and release photons. The reason
the object glows after the light is turned off is because the electrons in the chemicals take
longer to fall back down. Once all of the electrons have fallen back down, the object stops
glowing.
Animals, some bacteria, some fungus, and other objects
(such as glow sticks) emit light or glow because of a
chemical reaction; these are called chemiluminescent. The
light is created by a chemical reaction; two chemicals are
mixed together, they react, and release photons. Fireflies,
squid, fungus, glow worms, anglerfish, and flashlight fish
are examples of animals that are chemiluminescent. These
animals generate light to confuse predators, attract a mate,
lure prey, or signal their identity to others.
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/creatures-of-light/creatures
7
Objective 1: Lab Activity
Lab Activities: Light Bulbs
Light Bulb Type
brightness
Infrared radiation
emitted
http://home.howstuffworks.com/light-bulb.htm
Incandescent
Halogen
______(lux
______(lux
_______(W/m2)
_______(W/m2)
Cost per kilowatt
hour
Producing light P1
Electrons (electricity)
first travel to what part
of the light bulb?
(specific location and
atoms the electrons
collide with)
Producing light P2
Describe the jumps the
electrons make in the
atoms after they collide
with electrons in the
electricity
Important Facts
about the bulb
Draw and label the
parts of the light
bulb
8
Light Bulb Type
brightness
Infrared
radiation emitted
LED
CFL
______(lux
______(lux
_______(W/m2)
_______(W/m2)
Cost per kilowatt
hour
Producing light
P1
Electrons (electricity)
first travel to what part
of the light bulb?
(specific location and
atoms the electrons
collide with)
Producing light
P2
Describe the jumps the
electrons make in the
atoms after they
collide with electrons
in the electricity
Important Facts
about the bulb
Draw and label
the parts of the
light bulb
9
Light Source
Chemiluminescent (glo
stick)
Phosphorescent
brightness
Infrared
radiation emitted
______(lux
______(lux
_______(W/m2)
_______(W/m2)
Producing light
P1
What starts the
collisions in atoms?
Producing light
P2
Describe the jumps the
electrons make in the
atoms after they
collide with electrons
in the electricity
Important Facts
about the light
source
Draw an image to
help you
understand this
process
http://www.scienceinschool.org/2011/issue19/chemiluminescence
10
Have students look at the bulbs first and record which is the brightest and
warmest (review safety issues with hot light bulbs).
1. How are all light bulbs, incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and LED’s,
alike in producing light?
2. How are all of these light bulbs, incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and
LED’s, different in their production of light?
3. What is the main difference between fluorescent bulbs and incandescent
bulbs?
4. The bulb you measured that had highest lux (brightness) was the
5. The bulb you measured that had the most W/m2 (heat) was the
__________________ bulb. Does this result agree with the bulb that felt the
warmest? Explain.
6. Describe the main difference between how light bulbs make light and how
light in general is made
7. Describe how all light sources: incandescent, phosphorescent, and
chemiluminescent are alike.
8. Describe how all light sources: incandescent, phosphorescent, and
chemiluminescent are different.
11
Incandescent Light Bulbs (normal bulbs with filaments)
Electrons from electricity
collide with the electrons
that are part of the
tungsten atoms.
The tungsten is the metal
filament that is in the
middle of the light bulb.
Electrons in tungsten
atoms
jump temporarily into
higher orbits then jump
back down, releasing
photons. Gazillions of
these jumps releasing
photons produce the light
that is emitted from this
light bulb.
Other Information
Argon gas is inside the
bulb. This gas is used because if tungsten were heated to high temperatures in
the presence of oxygen, it would combust (catch on fire).
When the tungsten metal heats up, it releases tungsten atoms into the gas
around it. When too many of the tungsten gases have been vaporized, the
filament breaks and the light bulb can no longer produce light.
Harris, Tom. "How Light Bulbs Work." HowStuffWorks, Inc., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://home.howstuffworks.com/light-bulb.htm>.
12
Halogen Light Bulbs
Electrons from electricity
collide with the electrons that
are part of the tungsten
atoms.
The tungsten is the metal
filament that is in the middle
of the light bulb.
Electrons in tungsten atoms
jump temporarily into higher
orbits then jump back down,
releasing photons. Gazillions
of these jumps releasing
photons produce the light
that is emitted from this light
bulb.
The difference between an
incandescent bulb and a
halogen bulb: in a halogen bulb the tungsten filament is surrounded
by an additional glass case that is very close to the filament and is
filled with a halogen gas. When the tungsten metal heats up, it
releases tungsten atoms into the gas around it. The halogen gas
recycles the tungsten atoms back onto the metal filament so the bulb
lasts longer than a normal bulb.
"How Does a Halogen Light Bulb Work?" HowStuffWorks. Discovery
Company, 1 Apr. 2000. Web. 17 Oct. 2013.
<http://home.howstuffworks.com/question151.htm>.
13
LED’s (Light Emitting Diode)
Semiconductor
Semiconductors are materials that allow
electricity to travel through but are not
made of metal.
Electrons from electricity collide with the electrons that are part of the
semiconductor.
The semiconductor is the non-metal piece that is in the middle of the light bulb.
Electrons in semiconductor jump temporarily into higher orbits then jump back
down, releasing photons. Gazillions of these jumps releasing photons produce
the light that is emitted from this light bulb.
Layton, Julia. "How LED Light Bulbs Work." HowStuffWorks. Discovery Company, 23
July 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/greentech/sustainable/led-light-bulb.htm>.
14
Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) Bulbs
The tube of a CFL contains liquid
mercury and argon gas. The inside
of the glass tubes is coated in
phosphor powder.
Electrons from electricity collide
with the electrons that are part of the
mercury atoms.
Electrons in mercury atoms
jump temporarily into higher orbits
then jump back down, releasing
ultraviolet (UV) photons (these are
the photons that can give you a
sunburn). Gazillions of these jumps
releasing photons produce the light
that is emitted from this light bulb.
These UV photons collide with the
electrons that are part of the
phosphor atoms causing the
electrons to temporarily jump into
higher orbits then jump back down,
releasing photons.
Gazillions of these released photons produce the light that is emitted from this
light bulb.
Harris, Tom. "How Fluorescent Lamps Work." HowStuffWorks. Discovery Company, 7
Dec. 2001. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://home.howstuffworks.com/fluorescent-lamp2.htm>.
15
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Objective 3: You should be able to identify and describe the different types of light that are
part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
All waves, sound waves, light waves, and even water waves carry energy.
Light or photons travel as a wave that are scientifically called electromagnetic waves. The
electromagnetic spectrum is the scientific term for all of the different types of light.
Label the parts of the electromagnetic wave: wavelength, crest, trough.
The wavelength tells you the distance between each crest or trough or the length of one
wave
The frequency tells you about the speed of the wave
The amplitude tells you about the brightness of the light
Frequency is measured by counting the number of crests or trough that passed the line per
second
The units used to describe frequency are Hertz (Hz. These are the units that are listed on
radios to describe the frequency of the wave coming from a particular radio station. For
example, ENERGY Berlin uses the frequency 103.4 MHz
Draw a high frequency and a low frequency wave. Label each wave. Which wave has a
shorter wavelength? How do you know? Which wave carries more energy? How do you
know? Label the wave that carries the most and the least energy.
Web Resources on the EM spectrum
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/waves_particles/index.html
16
Group activity (Use: info sheets, Usborne pg. 212, and Kingfisher pg. 244)
List the waves in the table below from the waves with the highest energy to the lowest. Discuss each
type of light and fill in the remainder of the table below.
Wave
Activity
notes
Compare the
wavelength
to a familiar
object
Objects that emit
this type of
radiation
Gamma
Shortest
wavelength,
most energy
Highest
frequency
X-Ray
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
Radio
Longest
wavelength,
least energy
Lowest
frequency
Review Questions
1. Describe what all of the waves have in common.
2. Describe the 3 main differences between the waves.
17
Interaction with
humans
Objects that absorb energy from ultraviolet light
or another energy source and then emit visible
light are called fluorescent. When ultraviolet
light strikes a fluorescent chemical the photons
force the electrons into a higher orbit. The
electrons then bounce down and emit visible light
that we can see. Basically, fluorescent chemicals
turn light we can’t see into light we can.
Ultraviolet light carries more energy than visible
light. Not all objects are fluorescent because they
do not contain chemicals that react to ultraviolet
photons. Your highlighters and marks on the
euro bills are examples of fluorescence.
http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/11A
B.html
Radioactive objects don’t need to be
charged first; they release photons
or light on their own at regular
intervals. In radioactive atoms
(uranium, radium, radon,
plutonium) the nucleus is too big
and is unstable.
Describe what florescent,
phosphorescent, and incandescent
objects have in common in terms of
producing light.
Identify and describe the major differences between florescent objects in terms of producing
light: radioactive, glow in the dark, and bioluminescence
Describe the difference between fluorescent and phosphorescent light.
18
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTllxNpxUfo
Light waves travel in many planes at once. Polarized light is light that has some of these
waves blocked. This is how 3D movies work. The movie is shot using 2 lenses placed side by
side. The special glasses we use in the theater separate the images so each eye sees a slightly
different image. This gives us the illusion of seeing in 3D.
When you shine white light through a prism,
why does a rainbow occur – what happens to
the light? Label the ray diagram. When visible
light passes through a prism the light is
refracted or bent because the light slows
down when it enters the prism. Each color in
the rainbow has a different frequency, this
means each wave (each color) travels at a
slightly different speed, so each wave refracts
at a different angle. The color red is on top
because this wave has the least amount of
energy and the slowest speed (lowest frequency) so the wave is refracted the least. Purple
is on the bottom because this wave has the most amount of energy and has the fastest
speed (highest frequency) so the wave is refracted the most. Basically: The lower energy
and frequency a wave has the less the wave is bent; the more energy and frequency a
wave has the more the wave is refracted.
19
Drawing Ray Diagrams
Objective 4: You should be able to describe and draw accurate ray diagrams.
The purpose of ray diagrams is to show the path light takes when moving from one place to
another.
How are ray diagrams similar to force diagrams? How are they different than force
diagrams?
Ray Diagram
of light moving
in a telescope
The arrow in a ray diagram represents the path light travels when moving from one place to
another
How is the movement of a photon drawn in a ray diagram similar to the movement of an
object when described by Newton’s 1st Law?
Web Resources
http://www.stepbystep.com/how-to-draw-a-ray-diagrams-for-convex-mirrors-7580/
20
Reflection of Light
Objective 5: You should be able to explain reflection of light.
You see all of the objects around you because they reflect light!
Reflected light occurs when light waves (photons) bounce off objects.
Label the incident ray, reflected
ray, normal, angle of incidence,
and angle of reflection
What is the difference between the reflected ray and incident ray?
Snell’s Law states that the incident ray (incoming light wave) reflects back at the same angle
as the reflected ray (outgoing light wave)
Describe the difference between concave and convex.
Web Resource:
http://online.brothergames.co
m/flash-games/reflection.html (reflection game)
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/gamesactivities/howwesee.html (cool activities)
21
Reflection Activities:
1.
Position the flat mirror (see picture above) and place the single slit into
the light box.
2.
Move the mirror at several different angles until you find one to draw.
3.
Draw a ray diagram of the light reflecting off the flat mirror. Label the
incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray. Show that the angle of
reflection is the same as the angle of incidence.
4.
Now use the convex mirror and a multiple slit slide
5.
Move the convex mirror at several different angles and observe how the
reflected rays change as you change the incident ray.
6.
Draw a ray diagram of the light reflecting off the convex mirror. Label the
incident rays and the reflected rays.
7.
Flip the mirror over the concave side
8.
Move the concave mirror at several different angles and observe how the
reflected rays change as you change the incident ray.
9.
Draw a ray diagram of the light reflecting off the concave mirror. Label
the incident rays and the reflected rays.
10. Using the flat mirror again, describe how could you use the white circular
protractor to show how Snell’s Law works.
22
11. Unplug the light box and replace the materials back into the basket.
12. Pick up the larger concave mirror and concave mirrors
13. Describe how you appear when you look at yourself in a convex mirror.
Looking at your ray diagram – does this make sense?
13. Describe how you appear when you look at yourself in a concave mirror.
Looking at your ray diagram – does this make sense?
14. Describe the difference between the image seen in a concave mirror and a
convex mirror.
15. Clean up area and return to desks
23
Refracted Light
Objective 6: You should be able to explain refraction of light.
Notes
Refracted light occurs when light rays bend as it travels from one medium to another.
Refraction of light occurs at the interface of 2 medium.
Label the parts of the refracted wave: incident ray, refracted ray, normal, interface, angle of
incidence, angle of refraction, medium 1, and medium 2
Draw and label the pencil in the beaker of water – how does
the pencil look? Why? Does the pencil look the same
from all angles? Why?
Light from the pencil bends in the water –
depending on the angle the pencil will appear
turned up or broken
The reason that light waves bend is due to the
velocity of the wave – as the wave passes into a different medium the velocity of one side of
the wave changes first. (see the illustration above)
Describe how
reflection and
refraction of light are
similar and different.
Web
Resources:
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/ref
raction/index.html
http://www.animatedscience.co.uk/refraction-of-light (animations)
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/optics/bp.cfm (animation)
24
Refraction Activities: respond to the highlighted questions
1. Position the flat lens in front of the light box (see picture above) and
place the slide with the 3 slits into the light box.
2. Move the lens at several different angles.
3. Draw a ray diagram of the light refracting through the glass. Label the
incident, refracted light rays, and the interface
4. Now use the concave lens.
5. Move the concave lens at several different angles and observe how the
light refracts as it moves through the concave lens.
6. Draw a ray diagram of the light refracting through the concave lens.
Label the incident, refracted light rays, and the interface
7. Now use the convex lens.
8. Move the convex lens at several different angles and observe how the
light refracts as it moves through the concave lens
9. Draw a ray diagram of the light refracting through the convex lens.
Label the incident, refracted light rays, and the interface
10. Pick up the larger concave lens and convex lenses. Look through each
and describe how objects appear
11. Clean up area and return to desks
25
Color: Refraction, Reflection, & Emission
Objective 7: You should be able to explain how we see colors and how colors are produced.
HOW EYES SEE COLOR
In the retina of your eyes are 2 types of cells called rods (about 120 million of
them) and cones (about 7 million of them). These cells process light and send electrical
impulses to your brain. Rods process black, white, and shades of gray. Cones process color.
You have 3 types of cones that each processes a different color: red, green, or blue. The
signals from these different cones are sent to the brain, which interprets the information to
produce the millions of color combinations we see.
(Kibiuk et. al, 2012)
26
There are 2 processes that create the colors we see: the photons are emitted or made by and
an object or photons are reflected from an object.
EMITTED COLOR
Look at the tables below –
Describe the relationship between color we see in stars, fireworks, and flames of a fire and
temperature.
Which photon carries the most energy? What does this tell you about a star or flame that
appears this color?
Which photon carries the least energy? What does this tell you about a star a star or flame
that appears this color?
Bunsen Burner Flame color and Temperatures
no light
< 500 °C
not quite red
500-550 °C
dark red
650-750 °C
bright red
850-950 °C
yellowish red
1050-1150 °C
not quite white
1250-1350 °C
white
> 1450 °C
Blue
1450 – 1540 °C
(DoChem007 Bunsen Burner and Flinn Scientific)
Star Type
Star Examples (constellation)
Surface Temperature
Blue Giant
Rigel (Orion)
10,000 – 50,000 K
White star
Sirius (Canis major)
7,500 – 10,000 K
Yellow star
Red Giant
Our Sun, Capella (Auriga),
Procyon (Canis minor)
Betelgeuse (Orion), Arcturus (Böötes),
Aldebaran (Taurus)
27
6,000 – 5,000 K
3,500 – 5,000 K
Lab Activity: Emitted Color and candles
Draw the different candles in order of highest temperature flame to lowest temperature
flame. Explain how you know which order to put the candles in.
Blue 1450-1540oC
COLOR: REFRACTED & REFELCTED LIGHT
Visible light – white light is made of all the colors
in a rainbow: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue,
and Purple.
The color red is on top because this wave has the
least amount of energy and the slowest speed
(lowest frequency) so the wave is refracted the
least. Purple is on the bottom because this wave
has the most amount of energy and has the fastest
speed (highest frequency) so the wave is refracted the most.
So why is a tee shirt blue or a sneaker red?
All matter is made of elements (atoms) but all matter is not made of the same elements.
Gold is made from gold atoms, silver is made of silver atoms, copper is made of copper
atoms, etc. Each has a different number of protons and electrons. Most materials are made
of a combination of elements.
Recall that photons collide with electrons to produce light.
The color of an object is determined by
1) the photons and colors absorbed by the electrons
2) the photons that are reflected from the electrons.
Use the illustration to show why a leaf is green.
A leaf appears green because the leaf reflects green light while
absorbing all other colors of visible light (red, orange, yellow,
violet).
28
blue,
Look at the diagrams and determine what colors of light will be reflected by the object and
what color the object will look like.
1st: object absorbs ROYBIV
Reflects green so object appears
green
2nd object: absorbs OYGBIV
Reflects red so appears red
1st: object absorbs ROYBIV
Reflects no colors so object
appears black
2nd object: absorbs YGBIV
Reflects red and orange so appears
reddish orange
Explain why some objects appear white and other objects appear black.
Black – all colors are absorbed and none are reflected
White – all colors are reflected and none are absorbed
How do the absorbed photons affect the temperature of the object? The photons that are
absorbed by the object contain energy; this absorbed energy is converted to heat and
increases the temperature of the object. So the orange, yellow, green, blue, violet absorbed
by a red apple increase the temperature of the apple.
Lab Activity:
1. Original paper color: _____________
a. 1st color of light used: ____________ What color did the paper appear when you
shone the colored light onto the paper. Explain why this occurs.
b. 2nd color of light used: ____________ What color did the paper appear when you
shone the colored light onto the paper. Explain why this occurs.
2. Original paper color: _____________
a. 1st color of light used: ____________ What color did the paper appear when you
shone the colored light onto the paper. Explain why this occurs.
b. 2nd color of light used: ____________ What color did the paper appear when you
shone the colored light onto the paper. Explain why this occurs.
29
Summarize Colors
Fill in the Venn diagram showing the similarities and differences between colors produced
by reflected, refracted, and emitted light
Reflection - photons are absorbed
and reflected by objects, which photon is
reflected determines the color
Emission - objects produce
color because of the different
energy photons release
All
colors
are
based
on the
energy
of the
photons
30
Refraction - color is
made when white light is passed
thru a prism so the light is bent
Color Lab Activities
Part 1: Reflected Colour
1. Place a colour gel (any color) in the light box.
2. Then shine the light onto the first paper (make certain the color of the gel
and the color of the paper are not the same color).
3. Answer the lab activity question 2a.
4. Change the gel with a different colour and repeat step 2 (again - make
certain the color of the gel and the color of the paper are not the same
color).
5. Answer the lab activity question 2b.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 using a different colour of paper. (again - make certain
the color of the gel and the color of the paper are not the same color)
7. Answer questions 3a-b.
Part 1: Emitted light and color
1. Light the colored candles
2. Look at the different colors in the flame.
3. Discuss the reason for the different colors.
31
Works Cited
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Cromie, William J. "Brain's Color Processor Is Located." The Harvard University Gazette, 6 Aug. 1998.
Web. 13 Oct. 2014. <http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/08.06/BrainsColorProc.html>.
"DoChem 007 Bunsen Burner." Course Materials. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
<http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/dochem/DoChem007.html>.
Flinn Scientific, Inc. "Bunsen Burner Basics." Safety Fax 10512 (2008): n. pag. Print.
"Fluorescence | Causes of Color." Fluorescence | Causes of Color. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/11AB.html>.
"Gamma Rays." - Mission:Science. NASA, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2012.
<http://missionscience.nasa.gov/ems/12_gammarays.html>.
Glass, Don. "A Magical Glow?" A Moment of Science RSS. Indiana Public Media, 21 June 2012. Web.
08 Oct. 2014. <http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/a-magical-glow/>.
Harris, Tom. "How Fluorescent Lamps Work." HowStuffWorks. Discovery Company, 7 Dec. 2001.
Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://home.howstuffworks.com/fluorescent-lamp2.htm>.
Harris, Tom. "How Light Bulbs Work." HowStuffWorks, Inc., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://home.howstuffworks.com/light-bulb.htm>.
Hobson, James. "Get Headaches Watching 3D Movies? Make Your Own 2D Glasses!" ...the
Hacksmith. Blogger, 4 Aug. 2012. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. <http://www.thehacksmith.ca/2012/08/diyget-headaches-watching-3d-movies.html>.
"How Do 3D Films Work?" Physics.org. Institute of Physics, 7 Jan. 2010. Web. 07 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=56>.
"How Does a Halogen Light Bulb Work?" HowStuffWorks. Discovery Company, 1 Apr. 2000. Web. 17
Oct. 2013. <http://home.howstuffworks.com/question151.htm>.
"How Fluorescence Works: Why Certain Objects Glow Under Black Light." How Fluorescence Works:
Why Certain Objects Glow Under Black Light. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.wildfirefx.com/resources/tutorials/fluorescence.aspx>.
Kibuik, Lydia, and Devon Stuart ((illustrators). "Vision: It All Starts with LightBrainFacts.org."
Brainfacts.org. Society for Neuroscience, 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/senses-and-perception/articles/2012/visionit-all-starts-with-light/>.
Layton, Julia. "How LED Light Bulbs Work." HowStuffWorks. Discovery Company, 23 July 2009. Web.
17 Oct. 2013. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/sustainable/led-lightbulb.htm>.
Nelson, Brent. Ask the Experts. Physicslink.com, n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae636.cfm>.
Plait, Phil. "Bananas | Bad Astronomy | Discover Magazine." Bananas | Bad Astronomy | Discover
Magazine. N.p., 21 Mar. 2011. Web. 07 Oct. 2012.
<http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/tag/bananas/>.
"Polarization." Polarization. The Physics Classroom, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-1/Polarization>.
Sobell, Jeffrey M. "What Happens When You Get a Sunburn?: Scientific American." What Happens
When You Get a Sunburn?: Scientific American. Scientific American, 6 Aug. 2001. Web. 07 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-happens-when-you-get>.
32
Across
2.
eye cells in the retina that help you to see in low light
4.
the process of releasing something
6.
electromagnetic waves
9.
light that bends or changes direction
12.
the length of a wave between one crest to the next crest
13.
receptors in the retina of the eye that process color
14.
the absence of matter
15.
A colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye
17.
Having an outline or surface that curves inward like the
interior of a circle
19.
negatively charged particle in an atom
20.
The transparent layer forming the front of the eye
23.
light wave
24.
separation of light into its component wavelengths
25.
describes the angle between incident ray and the reflected
ray
27.
light that gets soaked up
Down
1.
what something is made of (starts with a ‘c’)
3.
the speed of a wave
5.
energy of motion
7.
matter that light is transmitted through
8.
place in between two different mediums
9.
the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye
10.
receptors in the retina of the eye that process gray, black,
and white
11.
The dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the
eye, varying in size to regulate the amount of light
reaching the retina
13.
eye cells in the retina that help you to see color
14.
the jelly like nutritional substance in the eye
15.
incoming light ray
16.
light that bounces off of a surface
17.
Having an outline or surface that curves outward
18.
formed by 2 light rays meeting at a common endpoint
21.
small packet of energy
22.
a line perpendicular to a surface
26.
a line of light
33
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