Diversity of Living Things – The Six
Kingdoms
(Pages 108-113)
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protists
5. Plants
6. Animals
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
1. Single celled
1. Single celled
2. Lack nuclei
2. Lack nuclei
3. Divide in half
3. Divide in half
4. Found in harsh
environments
4. Very common
Methanogens, Extreme
Thermophiles
Bacteria (soils),
Cyanobacteria (blue-green
algae)
Bioluminescent Bacteria
Vibrio
• Free living bacteria
• Fresh Water and Salt Water
• Light organs – have special
conditions to help the bacteria grow
• Quorum sensing – determines when
the bacterial colony will produce the
proteins that cause bioluminescence
• Bioluminescence is caused by a
group of genes called the lux operon
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Rhizobium
• Soil bacterium
• Bacteria are the only organisms that can
take atmospheric nitrogen and turn it into
ammonia, which plants can use
• Live in symbiotic relationship with plants in
nodules on the roots
• Legumes – clovers, soybeans, kudzu, alfalfa
• Once plants are harvested, nitrogen is
released into the soil making it available to
other plants
Fungi
1. Absorb food through
their body surface
Protists
1.Most single celled
2. Have nuclei
2. Have cell walls
3. Most live in water
3. Most live on land
Yeast, mushrooms, mold,
mildew
Paramecia, diatoms,
amoebas, Euglena
Fungi
• Fungi are decomposers
• Fungi secrete powerful
enzymes to digest their food
(what they are decomposing)
• The resulting “waste”
products are sometimes
desirable (tasty) to us
humans
• Penicillim
• Aspergillus
Protists
Paramecium
Small crustaceans,
daphnia
Desmids
Algae – round and
filamentous
Volvox
Diatoms
Plants
Animals
1. Many cells
1. Many cells
2. Make their own food by
photosynthesis
2. No cell walls
3. Ingest their food
3. Cell walls
Ferns, mosses, trees,
herbs, grass
4. Live on land and in
water
Corals, sponges, worms,
insects, fish, reptiles,
birds, mammals
Plants
Autotrophs
Angiosperms
• Flowering plants
• Largest group of plants
• Seeds enclosed in ovary
• Flowers
Gymnosperms
• Conifers, Ginkgos
• “naked seeds”
• Seeds develop on scales
or cones
Grasses
• Prairies, savannas, shrub lands
• Grasses, shrubs
• Substantial, deep root system
• Fertile soil
Animals
Heterotrophs
Primary consumers
• Herbivores
• Prey animals
• Very numerous
• Insects, rodents, deer,
rabbits
Secondary, Tertiary, etc.
Consumers
• Omnivores
• Carnivores
• Not as numerous
• Opossum, bear
• Wolf, mountain lion
1. Common Name
2. Size
3. Year round
resident or
migrant?
4. Food
Ecosystem
A community of organisms
Biotic
Abiotic
Living and once living
parts of an ecosystem
Nonliving parts of an
ecosystem
Air
Water
Rocks and sand
Light
Temperature
• Plants- living and dead
• Animals – living and
dead
•
•
•
•
•
Biotic Organization
• Biosphere
– Earth
• Ecosystem
– Both biotic and abiotic
factors
• Community
– Group of various species
that live in an ecosystem
– Only biotic factors
• Population
– All the members of one
species
• Organism
– An individual living thing
Competition
A relationship between two species in which both species attempt to uses the
same limited resource
Biotic Causes
Invasive species
Abiotic Causes
Natural disasters
Man made disasters
Energy Pyramid
Energy Flow
Food Chain
Food Web
Invasive Species
A non-native species whose introduction causes damage to the local
ecosystem
• Non-native – a species that is introduced to an
ecosystem
• Examples:
– Black Rat – first invasive species originally from Asia,
started to spread around 1AD with the increase of
shipping
– Kudzu – brought to the US from Japan in 1876 for
the Philadelphia Centennial Celebration
– Burmese python – released pets beginning to
inhabit the Florida everglades
Chemicals and Pollution
• DDT – insecticide used to control malaria, caused
eggshell thinning in birds of prey
• Oil Spills – oil effects all organisms it touches causing
widespread illness and death
• Air pollution – burning of fossil fuels causing a build up
of CO2 in atmosphere
• Acid Rain – when rain drops pick up sulfur dioxide from
energy plants burning coal
Habitat Destruction and Over
Harvesting
• Urbanization – loss of food, cover and
sometimes predators
• Agriculture – loss of woodlands and wetlands,
replaced with less diverse crop fields, more
herbicides and pesticides
• Over fishing – decreased fish stock for
commercial fisherman