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©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Mitosis in the
African Blood
Lily
(Scadoxus
multiflorus)
Compare Fig. 11.0
Pg. 231
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/images/ch4_mitosisstages.jpg
Can you identify the
phases of the cell cycle?
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Animal mitosis: Frog heart endothelium
Can you identify the phases of the cell cycle shown here?
Compare Fig. 11.0
Pg. 231
Different modes of cytokinesis among eukaryotes
Animal cell
Fungal cell
Algal cell
Plant cell
furrowing
budding
phycoplast
phragmoplast
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Cytokinesis: Furrowing cleavage in a frog zygote
Saccharomyces: yeast from kingdom Fungi
Mitosis nearly complete
Cytokinesis via extrusion: budding!
?
?
?
http://www.jhu.edu/iic/Yeast_1.png
?
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
Cytokinesis
A phragmoplast
developing between two
cells of root meristem in
corn (Zea mays)
This potassium
permanganate
preparation for TEM
shows membranes
almost exclusively, so
cytoplasm looks
“simple” as do
mitochondria. Note: nice
Golgi (dictyosomes)!
Biology:
life study of
What is Life?
Properties of Life
Cellular Structure: the unit of life, one or many
Metabolism: photosynthesis, respiration,
fermentation, digestion, gas exchange,
secretion, excretion, circulation--processing
materials and energy
Growth: cell enlargement, cell number
Movement: intracellular, movement, locomotion
Reproduction: avoid extinction at death
Behavior: short term response to stimuli
Evolution: long term adaptation
Green Algae
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Chlorophyta
Chlamydomonas
flagella
http://www.unap.cl/~cbrieba/common/chlamydomonas.jpg
contractile
vacuole
eyespot
cellulosic wall
cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria
cytosol
http://universe-review.ca/I10-23-chlamydomonas.jpg
chloroplast
starch
pyrenoid
Chlamydomonas cells of opposite
mating type join in syngamy to form
a zygote which develops a thick wall
as a hypnospore.
Upon return to better conditions, the
zygote undergoes meiosis and
releases flagellated cells of both
mating types.
http://www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/images/goodenoughcaption.jpg
http://www.isis.de/members/~ralfwagner/Bilder/Chlamydomonas_spec_Zygote.jpg
Unicellular Life Cycle
No multicellular body: ever!
SYNGAMY
gametes
Population
As Gametophyte? 1N
Or is this
mitosis
asexual
reproduction?
spores
Your book uses “fertilization”
as a synonym for syngamy.
That word is confusing and
inaccurate…to refer to the
union of gametes. Syngamy is
clear and precise!
zygote
2N
sporocyte
MEIOSIS
No multicellular
diploid:
haplontic
Compare Figs. 30.15, 30.16
Pg. 641
Generic Life Cycle
No multicellular
No multicellular
SYNGAMY
diploid:
haploid:
diplontic
gametes
zygote haplontic
germination
mitosis
mitosis
gametangia
differentiation
differentiation
Gametophyte 1N
2N
Sporophyte
differentiation
mitosis
germination
differentiation
sporangium
mitosis
spores
sporocyte
MEIOSIS
When both haploid and diploid multicellular bodies are
formed the life cycle is diplohaplontic
http://www.isis.de/members/~ralfwag
ner/Bilder/Chlamydomonas_spec_Z
ygote.jpg
http://www.biology.wustl.ed
u/faculty/images/goodenou
ghcaption.jpg
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
SYNGAMY
gametes
zygote
germination
mitosis
differentiation
mitosis
gametangia
differentiation
Gametophyte1N
differentiation
mitosis
germination
spores
Haplontic?
differentiation
Not diplontic!
sporangium
mitosis
Not diplohaplontic!
sporocyte
2N
Sporophyte
http://www.unap.cl/~cbrieba/co
mmon/chlamydomonas.jpg
MEIOSIS
Best: Unicellular!
http://www.isis.de/members/~ralfwag
ner/Bilder/Chlamydomonas_spec_Z
ygote.jpg
is it haplontic?
with lack of pectin?
Life Cycle Classifications
Multicellular Unicellular Haplontic
Diplontic Diplohaplontic
Haploid
No
Yes
No
Yes
Diploid
No
No
Yes
Yes