•
Three Goals:
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1. Retribution - punishing a criminal
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2. Rehabilitation - transform criminals into law abiding citizens
3. Deterrence - prevent future crimes using punishments

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Recidivism - repeat offenders; rate criminal behavior is repeated by the same people

Recidivism in NC

• monetary compensation - $$$... in the form of a fine, restitution or compensation
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Restitution criminal has to restore victim’s property
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Ex.: Stolen credit card…convicted felon must pay back the card owner
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Compensation - criminal substitutes something for damage done
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Ex.: Destroyed convenience store…man pays for all damages as well as $10,000 to make up for money store owner lost from being closed

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Probation - replaces time in prison with a set of conditions the criminal must follow
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If they fail to meet conditions  jail
•
Community Service - perform set number of hours working for a charity, cleaning public areas, serving at a shelter or volunteering

Retribution for Serious Crimes
•
• detention restriction of a person’s liberty to leave a specific location
Ex. detained for questioning
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House arrest - strict probation; criminal confined to their home
• incarceration - to be put in prison/jail, unable to leave
•
Long-term incarcerationyear or more, usually served in state run prisons
•
Less than a year  served in county run jails

Retribution for Serious Crimes
•
Parole - criminal released early from prison; certain rules still apply until end of sentence
Prisons are overcrowded, without parole there would be no place for all prisoners…some states use:
•
3-strike laws : 3 felony convictions (serious offenses)= life in prison
• confiscation of property - taking something from the criminal to pay for criminal behavior  state takes a person’s home, money, possessions
•
Ex.: tax evaders may have property confiscated and sold to pay their debt

You are on the parole board in NC. Because of a rise in crime and the number of people convicted, NC’s prisons are overcrowded. You must make selections to determine who will and will not be paroled.
1.
An arsonist convicted of setting four fires to public buildings is now cured after serving 8 months of his three-year sentence.
2.
A banker convicted of embezzling 50 million dollars from a bank.
3.
Civil rights lawyer convicted for contempt of court.
4.
An ex-college student and heroin addict serving time for pushing hard drugs to juveniles.
5.
A Vietnam serviceman convicted of desertion in the face of the enemy.
6.
A powerful former politician convicted of selling highly classified information to foreign governments.
7.
A newspaper reporter convicted of refusing to identify his news sources in a delicate case involving three members of the President’s
Cabinet.
8.
A rehabilitated sex offender convicted for crimes against children.
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
0%
4
0%
5
0%
6
0%
7
0%
8

Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2010. Office of Justice Programs. 21 January 2010. <http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm>

Prison spending: 660%
Education spending: 33%

Most Serious form of Retribution
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Death Penalty - execution for capital offense
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35 States use the death penalty
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North Carolina Statistics
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169 people on Death Row (4 females)
• over 1,000 executions since 1910
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1st Degree murder on capital offense
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Lethal injection only approved method
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Determined by jury
•
Only governor may grant clemency

Killing people who commit murder keeps other people from doing the same.
0%
0%
0%
1.
Agree
2.
Undecided
3.
Disagree

The victim’s family is entitled to revenge.
0%
0%
0%
1.
Agree
2.
Undecided
3.
Disagree

0%
0%
0%
Anyone who places value on human life cannot approve of capital punishment.
1.
Agree
2.
Undecided
3.
Disagree

0%
0%
0%
People are basically good and even the worst criminal can be rehabilitated.
1.
Agree
2.
Undecided
3.
Disagree

“Thou shall not kill” means that even criminals should not be executed.
0%
0%
0%
1.
Agree
2.
Undecided
3.
Disagree

Mental Illness in Criminal Court
• anti-social behavior is the product of mental illnesses
• for worst crimes, most states allow defendants to plead “not guilty by reason of insanity”
• mental institutions “prisons” for mentally handicapped

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Population (Jan 21, 2010):
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Prison Inmates- 40, 226 (male-
37,382 and female- 2,844)
•
Probationers- 111, 560
•
Parolees- 3,099
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Total 154,885
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8th-10th grade dropouts= largest percentage of offenders under age 20
North Carolina Department of Correction. 1995-2010. NCDOC. 21 January 2010 < http://www.doc.state.nc.us/index.shtml>

• daily cost per inmate / yearly cost per inmate
•
Minimum Custody$59.17
/ $21,597
•
Medium Custody$76.69
/ $27,992
•
Close Custody$85.68
/ $31,273
•
Average$73.85
/ $26,955
North Carolina Department of Correction. 1995-2010. NCDOC. 21 January 2010 < http://www.doc.state.nc.us/index.shtml>

• juvenile detention - prison for youth; less harsh; focuses on education
• boot camps - alternative punishment; military-style camps to rehabilitate juvenile offenders by instilling discipline and respect
Long-term suspensionsnot allowing students to return to school for extended periods