PHOTO GALLERY
Study Guide in PowerPoint
to accompany
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 7th edition
by Yunus A. Çengel and Michael A. Boles
1
List Of Slides
4 A pressurized water nuclear reactor steam power plant
5 A coal fired steam power plant as a heat engine
6 How a coal fired generating plant produces electircity
7 Heat pump systems
8 Spark ignition internal combustion engine
9 Two stage compressor with intercooling
10 Automobile heater core
11 Plate heat exchangers
12 Cut away of a hair drier
13 Compressor blades in a ground station gas turbine
14 Compressor and turbine stages of an industrial gas turbine
15 Throttle or expansion tube
16 Two-stage, intercooled refrigerant compressor
17 Shell and tube heat exchanger
18 Forced draft cooling tower
19 Honey comb like structure inside forced draft cooling tower
20 Components of a two-stage, air compressor with intercooling
21 Overview of a steam power plant
22 Coal field reserves for a steam power plant
23 Coal car unloading process
2
List of slides continued
24 Steel structure for steam power plant
25 Steam generator or boiler.
26 Steam drum
27 Down comer and riser tubes forming the combustion chamber
28 Completed coal fired steam power plant
29 View of the combustion process
30 How a turbine-generator works
31 Turbine bed for steam power plant
32 Installation of low pressure turbine into turbine bed
33 Inspection of low pressure turbine blades
34 Steam turbine blades
35 End view of the cooling water tubes in a condenser
36 Main electric generator
37 Foundation and air inlet for natural draft cooling tower
38 Natural draft cooling tower at mid point of construction
39 Cooling tower in operation
40 Forced draft cooling towers for a steam power plant
41 Compost pile
3
A pressurized water nuclear reactor steam power plant has many
examples of open system operation. Some of these are the pressure
vessel, steam generator, turbine, condenser, and pumps.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
4
A coal fired steam power plant as a heat engine operating in a thermodynamic cycle.
Photo
courtesy of
Progress
Energy
Carolinas,
Inc.
5
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
6
Heat Pump Systems
A typical heat pump system is
shown here. In the heating
mode high pressure vapor
refrigerant is sent to the
indoor heat exchanger coil.
The refrigerant gives up its
energy to the inside air and
condenses to a liquid. The
liquid is throttled to a low
pressure and temperature to
the outdoor coil and receives
energy from the from the
outside air. The refrigerant
vaporizes, enters the
compressor to be compressed
to the high pressure, and the
cycle is completed.
7
Spark ignition internal combustion engine
8
Two stage (two pistons) 7.5 horse power compressor with intercooling
attached to an eighty gallon
9
The heat exchanger shown here is typical of liquid-to-gas heat
exchangers. In this case hot coolant from an 1966 Mustang engine flows
into and out of the heat exchanger through the inlet and exit tubes. Air
from the passenger compartment is heated as it flows through the fins.
10
Photos Courtesy of APV Heat Exchanger Product Group
11
A hair drier is an example of a one entrance, one exit open
system that receives electrical work input to drive the fan and
power the resistance heater.
12
Compressor blades in a ground station gas turbine
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
13
Shown here are the compressor and turbine stages of an industrial
gas turbine under repair. The compressor has eighteen stages of
compression and the turbine has three stage of expansion.
Compressor
Turbine
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
14
Throttle or expansion tube.
Throttle may be a simple as the expansion tube used in automobile air
conditioning systems to cause the refrigerant pressure drop between the
exit of the condenser and the inlet to the evaporator.
15
One stage of a two-stage, intercooled refrigerant compressor in a
chilled water refrigeration system
16
Typical shell and tube heat exchanger used for the intercooler, evaporator,
and condenser for a chilled water refrigeration system.
17
Forced draft cooling tower for cooling water used in the intercooler and
condenser heat exchangers of the chilled water refrigeration system
18
Honey comb like structure inside forced draft cooling tower to
cause better mixing of the cooling water and air.
19
Another application of intercooling to reduce compressor work is shown
here as a two-stage, 7.5 hp air compressor with intercooling.
First stage
piston with
second
stage piston
in back
Intercooling
heat
exchanger
Drive wheel
spokes
function as
fan blades
20
Overview of a steam power plant
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
21
Coal field reserves for a steam power plant.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
22
Coal car unloading process.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
23
Steel structure for steam power plant
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
24
Steam generator or boiler.
Steam
drum
Down
comer and
riser tubes
Heat exchangers for
superheating,
reheating, and water
economizers
Pulverized
Coal and air
injectors
Air
preheater
Exhaust
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
25
Steam Drum
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
26
Down comer and riser tubes forming the combustion chamber
Combustion
chamber
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
27
Completed coal fired steam power plant.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
28
The view of the riser tubes inside the steam generator during the
combustion process.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
29
1.
2.
3.
4.
HP Turbine
IP Turbine
LP Turbine
Generator
4
3
1
2
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
30
Turbine bed for steam power plant.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
31
Installation of
low pressure
turbine into
turbine bed
Photo courtesy of
Progress Energy
Carolinas, Inc.
32
Inspection of low pressure turbine blades
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
33
Steam turbine blades
High
pressure
steam
turbine
blade.
Length is
approximate
ly 20 cm
(8 in.).
Low pressure
steam turbine
blade.
Length is
approximately
70 cm
(30 in.).
34
End view of the cooling water tubes in a condenser
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
35
Main electric generator.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
36
Foundation and air inlet for natural draft cooling tower.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
37
Natural draft
cooling tower at
mid point of
construction.
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
38
Cooling tower in operation: Nuclear power plant using a cooling tower
to supply cooling water to the condenser
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
39
Forced draft cooling towers for a steam power plant
Photo courtesy of Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.
40
Compost pile
The chemical reaction in the compost pile shown below is an example of
an exothermic reaction. On the day this photo was taken, the ambient
temperature was 69°F. At two feet inside the pile, the temperature was
135°F.
41