ID:_______NAME:______________________________________________DATE:____________________CLASS:_______
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Study Guide: Chapters 4-5-6: Newton’s 1 , 2 & 3 Laws (12/17 & 12/18)
**This is an OUTLINE of material that will be test. You need to have a working
understanding of all CONCEPTS and how the concepts relate to one another. DON’T FORGET
to study all of your HW, notes, and any other material you have received for this unit!!!**
You should be able to…
In order to understand these concepts…
State Newton’s 1st Law of
Motion (4.4)
If no net force acts on an object at rest, it will not
move (will not change its state of motion)
If no net force acts on a moving object, it will never
stop (will not change its state of motion) – just keep
moving at a constant velocity (same speed/same
direction)
Mechanical Equilibrium (M.E.)
2 specific types ( below)
No CHANGE in motion
No acceleration
 No Net Force ( Fnet = 0 or ∑F = 0)



Static Equilibrium (S.E)
 A type of M.E.
 All of the points in
M.E., plus the fact
that it’s at rest
Distinguish amongst
mass, volume, weight, and their units of
measurement (4.5)
-
Dynamic Equilibrium (D.E)
 A type of M.E.
 All of the points in M.E., plus the
fact that it’s moving at a constant
velocity
 Not: speeding up, slowing down,
or changing direction
Mass is a measurement of inertia.
Weight is the force of gravity on an object (on
earth something with a mass of 1kg has a weight
of 9.8 N or 2.2 lb)
volume is a measurement of the amount of space
something takes up
Distinguish between force If net force on something is 0, the object’s state of
and net force
motion will not change
5.1 – State the
1. Object traveling with a constant velocity has zero
relationship between
acceleration
acceleration and net force 2. Net force causes an acceleration (positive OR
5.2 – State the
negative); net force and acceleration are
relationship between
proportional and in the same direction
acceleration and mass
3. if there is a net force, there is an acceleration
5.3 – State and explain
4. If there is an acceleration, then the velocity is
Newton’s 2nd Law of
changing
Motion
5. Acceleration and mass are inversely proportional
6. every object continues in a state of rest, or in a
state of motion in a straight line at a constant
speed, unless it is compelled to change that state
by a net force
5.4 – Describe the effect
Friction is a force that acts in the opposite direction
of friction on stationary
of an object’s motion
and on moving objects
*Know how to calculate the net force and
acceleration when friction is present
So that you can explain the
answers to these
questions…
Why do I feel like I’m being
tossed forward when a car
brakes? (is there a force
tossing me forward?)
Why do I feel like I’m being
pinned back when a roller
coaster starts?
(is there a force pinning me
back?)
How do headrests in cars help
to protect passengers from
neck injuries if their car is
read-ended?
Why is it important to wear
your seatbelt in a car?
Why don’t motorcycles have
seatbelts?
What forces are acting on a
book at rest on your table?
Anything dealing with
acceleration and/or constant
velocity (see HW, POGILS, etc)
Why is it more difficult to
push an object across a bumpy
surface, than across ice?
5.5 – Distinguish between
force and pressure
6.1 – Define force as part
of an interaction
6.2 – State Newton’s 3rd
Law of motion
6.3 – Given an action
force, identify a reaction
force
6.4 – Explain why
accelerations caused by
an action/reaction do not
have to be equal
Pressure depends on the amount of force, but they
are not the same – sharp objects will break skin
because they exert more pressure (same
force/different surface area)
*See guided notes! Also, see pressure demo notes! *
Forces occur in pairs
Why do dull knives not work
as well as a sharp knives? *in
terms of PRESSURE, FORCE, &
SURFACE AREA*
If I push an object, does that
object push me?
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second
object, the second object exerts an equal but opposite
force on the first object
Action: Object A Pushes Object B
Reaction: Object B pushes Object A
Mass and acceleration are inversely proportional; the
same force on 2 different objects will cause a large
acceleration on the small mass, and a small
acceleration on the large mass. (e.g. – cannon and
cannonball example/illustration in text)
If Earth pulls me and I pull
Earth, how come I don’t see
Earth accelerating towards
me?
m a = F = ma
6.5 - Explain why an
action force is not
canceled by a reaction
force
Action and reaction forces are like apples and
oranges in that they act on different objects. You
can’t cancel a force on an orange with a force on an
apple.
6.7 – Explain action
equals reaction
For EVERY interaction between things, there is
always a pair of oppositely directed forces that are
equal in strength
If I push desk and desk pushes
me, how come the
action/reaction forces don’t
cancel so that the desk doesn’t
move?
Does earth pull harder on me
than I pull on Earth?
You will be given the following Formulas:
F = ma
P=F
SA
a = v2 – v1
t
at = v2 – v1
But, you NEED TO KNOW what the symbols mean, and when/how to use the formulas!
F: force
m: mass
a: acceleration
v2 : Final velocity
v1 : initial velocity
SA: surface area
t: time
P: Pressure
METRIC /DA/ MATH – You will need to know how to make appropriate conversions when necessary & infer when
a word problem requires you to convert a quantity and use dimensional analysis. The conversions highlighted
in GRAY will be provided to you on the test; the others will not but you may need to know them!
Mass does NOT change based on location, but weight does…so, ON
EARTH, the following conversions are true:
1 kg = 9.8 N
1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 lb = 4.45 Newtons
--------------------------------------------1.609 kilometers = 1 mile
5280 feet = 1 mile
1 meter = 3.2808 feet
3 feet = 1 yard
12 inches = 1 foot
10 mm = 1 cm
** 1000 g = 1 kg **
100 cm = 1 m
1000 m = 1 km
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
365 days = 1 year (or, if you want to be
really precise, 365.25 days = 1 year)