Amphibians
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Amphibians By: Josh Armstrong and Brandon Lennert Amphibians Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub-Phylum: Class: Vertebrates Amphibians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MGL3yTw0c4 Aquatic ties Larvae Gills Tails Herbivores Moist skin • Will suffocate if Co2 can’t be disposed of Adult • Must lay eggs in H2o • Lack outer shell Terrestrial ties Adults • Lungs + moist skin • Legs • Carnivores More efficient heart Evolution of amphibians 360 million years ago Evolved from lobed fin fish • Bones in pectoral region (Forearms) • Pelvic fins (Hind legs) Leg • bones strong Support body weight Traits of Amphibian class Metamorphosis- Change form (Aquatic Larvae -> Terrestrial Adult) Cold blooded- Ectoderms (Use environment to regulate heat) External fertilization • Need H2o • No shells • Jelly crated eggs • Feet if present, lack claws and are often webbed Moist porpoise skin • Respiration (In O2 and H2o, Out Co2 and H2o) Traits of amphibian class (Continued) Respire Gills • Lungs • Skin • https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=bHwAguHqYnU Three orders (Anura) Means: Tailless • 3800 species of frogs and toads Lay jelly coated eggs in H2o • Tadpoles- Compact bodies Tongue sticky, long Three orders (Urodela) 400 different species • Salamanders and Newts Long tails Elongated bodies Moist Skin Four limbs Found almost worldwide Three orders (Apoda or Gymnophiona) Leg • less amphibians 160 species Caecilians Can be up to 12 inches long Lives Eats in tropics and in dirt/soil insects Life of a frog Larvae Small with fish like traits Tail, gills , no limbs, …, ect. Adult Bigger with no fish like taits Forelimbs, hind limbs, lungs, …, ect. http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/quizzes/amphib ians/AmphibianGame_1.html External Covering Moist skin Why?!? Used for protection slippery easier to escape Respiration Takes in oxygen Releases carbon dioxide Nervous System Brain same size as a fish No care process for young Very good vision Nictitating membrane Goggles underwater Also keeps eyes moist http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_ games/amphibian-games/frog-games/sc_letterfall_frog.html Nervous system continued Tympanic Picks No Membrane up vibrations in water ears Nares For smell Internal and external Internal Structures Endoskeleton Adaptations Radius, Tibia ulna are fused and fibula are fused the beginning of joints Digestive System Larvae are herbivores Adults are carnivores http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/ani mal_and_nature_games/amphibiangames/frog-games/frog-jigsaw.html Digestion Continued from beginning to end Mouth- 2 types of teeth, forcing it to gullet Pharynx Gullet- opening from mouth to gullet opening to esophagus Esophagus Stomach- moves food to stomach starts protein digestion Digestion continued Small intestine No pyloric caeca Protein, lipid, and carb digestion Large intestine No digestion Food molecules absorbed into blood Cloaca Urogenital and digestion into one Digestion continued Vent • Similar to anus (Everything exits) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOJyhk4QZvc Circulatory system Larvae 1 loop system 2 chambers Adult 2 loop system 3 chambered heart Respiratory system 2 types Respire through moist skin Mouth-glottis Take trachea lungs in O2 and release Co2 Excretory system Kidneys 2 lie along back wall of frog, under reproductive organs Blood into kidney Kidney filters out nitrogenous waste Waste Urea, salts and H20 (urine) stored in urinary bladder Reproductive System (Male) Sperm made in testes Travels Exits through sperm ducts to cloaca out vent Reproductive system (Female) Eggs made in ovaries Travels Eggs along oviduct where jelly coating is applied empty out into cloaca and exit out vent • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp0PdRrpSzA Frog life cycle Embryonic development Fertilization Fertilized egg Cleavage Yolk plug Neutral fold Organ formation Frog life cycle continued Larval development Hatching External gill Operculum Hind legs Fore legs Tail resorption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ti0HDtRY8u4 Frog life cycle continued Adults (Metamorphosis) Legs form Mouth broadens Develops Lungs teeth and jaws become functional Circulatory system becomes 2-loops, 3 chambered heart Terrestrial and aquatic Mating During warm spring frogs emerge from hibernation Migrate to ponds/ moist areas Males, which have vocal sacs, call to attract females of their own species Females respond to call Male climbs on the back of female and amplexus occurs forcing female to pass mature eggs Male disperses sperm into water near the eggs http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_ga mes/amphibian-games/frog-games/frog-word-o-rama.html Amphibian fun facts • Hundreds of millions of years ago, amphibians became the first vertebrates to live on land. • Some turtles and tortoises, including the Eastern box turtle, can live for more than a century. • More than 75 percent of all toad and frog species in the world live in tropical rainforests. • The word amphibian means “Double life” • http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/animal_and_nature_games/amphibian -games/frog-games/sc_spelling_frog.html http://kids.sandiegozoo.org/animals/amphibians Work citied https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp0PdRrpSzA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnsyjdJqhfI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ti0HDtRY8u4 (funny video) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOJyhk4QZvc (dissection) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MGL3yTw0c4 (difference in reptile and amphibians) "Amphibians." Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015. "Amphibian Quiz." Amphibian Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015. "Amphibian Quiz." Amphibian Quiz. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.
