DNA Structure, Replication, & Protein Synthesis Study Guide
Name______________________
1. Terms to know:
DNA Polymerase, RNA Polymerase, Double Helix, Purine, Pyrimidine, Nucleotide, Nitrogen Base,
Deoxyribose, Ribose, RNA, DNA, Complimentary, Hydrogen bond, Replication, Transcription, Translation,
Protein Synthesis, Amino Acids, Gene, Protein, Ribosome, Transfer RNA (tRNA), Messenger RNA (mRNA).
2. Scientists to know: Franklin, Watson & Crick, Chargaff, Hershey & Chase, Avery, Griffith. Write out
each scientist or pair of scientists and their contribution on a separate piece of paper.
3. DNA & RNA are both made out of __________________________ which are composed of 3 distinct parts.
Label the parts below listing all of the possibilities in DNA & RNA!
4. The 4 Nitrogen bases found in DNA are ____________, ______________, ______________, & _______________________.
A. The __________________ are larger nitrogen bases & include ______________ & _____________________
B. The __________________ are smaller nitrogen bases & include _____________ & ___________________
5. The 4 Nitrogen bases found in RNA are ____________, ______________, ______________, & _______________________.
6. In DNA Nitrogen Bases always pair Adenine to _____________. There are _____ Hydrogen bonds between
them. Cytosine & _____________ also pair and there are _____ Hydrogen bonds between these bases.
7. In RNA Nitrogen Bases always pair Adenine to _____________. There are _____ Hydrogen bonds between
them. Cytosine & _____________ also pair and there are _____ Hydrogen bonds between these bases.
8. Complimentary means the nitrogen base that matches or pairs with the base on the other side. Below,
draw in the complimentary bases and the correct number of hydrogen bonds in this DNA strand.
The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are made of __________ & __________.
When does DNA replication happen?
Why does it need to occur (what is its purpose)? (Note this is
different then a function)
9. Below list the steps of protein synthesis, describe what is happening
Protein Synthesis:
Transcription:
Before translation can happen in EUKARYOTES, the _________ must move from the ____________ to the
_____________.
Translation:
10. Transcription happens in the ________________, but translation happens in the ___________________.
11. List the 3 differences between DNA & RNA in the table below.
Differences
DNA
RNA
12. Draw a tRNA molecule below, label the anti-codon. What else does it carry? Label this as well.
13.
Amino Acid ___________________ _______________________ ___________________________ _________________________
tRNA anti-codon: _____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
mRNA codon:
_____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
_____ ______ ______
DNA strand :
_T_ __A__ __C__
__G__ __C_ __A_
_ G __ __T____ __C__
_A _ __G__ __T__
What will you use to decode the message (which strand will you look at)?
Why is the codon AUG important?
What is an Amino Acid?
What is a gene?