Quarter Two
November 4—Tab Five
 Allusion—a passing reference, without clear
identification, to a literary or historical person, place,
or event, or to another literary work or passage.
 EX: Hank Williams sang it, Number 3 drove it. Chuck
Berry twanged it, Will Faulkner wrote it. Aretha
Franklin sold it, Dolly Parton graced it. Rosa Parks
rode it, Scarlett O. chased it.
Narrative Writing –Tab One
 A narrative tells a story. This type of writing should
include details that answer the 5 W’s (who, what,
where, when, why) about the experience.
 In a personal narrative, you re-create an incident that
happened to you over a short period of time.
Narrative—Part One
 First, hook your reader. Start your narrative right in the
action. Your goal is to create a snapshot to create a
picture in your reader’s mind.
 Use imagery to create your snapshot of the scene—
include all five senses.
 Use figurative language such as similes, metaphors,
onomatopoeia, etc.
Narrative Notes—Part One
 The following questions should be answered in the
first part of your narrative:
 Where does your memory take place?
 When does your memory take place?
Your goal is to show your memory rather than tell your memory.
Example
 The rain hit my helmet lightly, like a soft tapping on a
door. I pulled my chin strap tightly around my face and
snapped it on the other side. Forty-three teammates
standing beside me started to jog, workhorses on the
move, the clip-clop of our spikes the only sound.

-Writer’s Inc, 2006.
The Memory Box—Mary Bahr
Description Activity –Tab 1
 Examine the word on your envelope. Describe your
object using your five senses. You are not allowed to
use the word or any variations of the word.
 Write in complete sentences.
To Kill a Mockingbird- by Harper
Lee
To Kill a Mockingbird—Tab 3
 Setting–
 Maycomb, Alabama
 Great Depression Era
 Segregation and racial tension
Family during the Great
Depression.
Segregation Sign
Alabama
The Great Depression
 Great Depression Impacts:
 Businesses failed
 Factories closed
 People were out of work
 Even people with money
suffered because nothing
was being produced for
sale.
 Poorer people lost their
homes
Prejudice
 Racial Prejudice plays a key role in this novel.
 Although slavery had ended, old ideas were slow to
change.
To Kill a Mockingbird
 Prejudice in the novel includes:
 Race
 Gender
 Handicaps
 Rich/poor
 Age
 Religion
Legal Issues
 Legal Issues during the Great Depression which
impacted the story:
 Women given the right to vote
 Juries were MALE and WHITE
 “Fair trial” did not include
acceptance of a black man’s
word against a white man’s
word.
Characters
 Atticus Finch - an attorney whose wife has died,
leaving him to raise their two children.
 Jem –Atticus’s son, eldest child S
 Scout – (Jean Louise), youngest child
 Tom Robinson – a black man accused of raping white
girl; he is defended at trial by Atticus.
Key Ideas
 The story is told in first person (I)
 Story is told in the eyes of Scout
 Harper Lee, the author of To Kill a Mockingbird, is a
woman. Scout represents the author when she was a
little girl; however, the story is not an autobiography.
Bell Ringer –Tab Four
November 5
 Underline the independent clause once. Double underline
the dependent clause. Put an “s” over each subject and put
a “v” over each verb.
 1. After Jacqueline ran the race, her teammates congratulated
her accomplishment.
 2. Because it was snowy outside, Northwestern canceled
school for the day.
 3. When Miranda and Blake bought a birthday cake for their
son, they forgot to purchase candles for the celebration.
Parts of Speech Review
 Verb
 Linking verb
Nouns
 A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
 Person: police officer
 Place: Florida
 Thing: telephone
 Idea: love
Journal—Tab 1
November 5
 In your opinion, what is discrimination?
 According to Webster’s Dictionary Online,
discrimination is the practice of unfairly treating a
person or group of people differently from other
people or groups of people.
 Age
 Race
 Religion
 Sexual orientation
 Social class
Great Depression Photos
 In each photograph, answer the following questions
under tab 3 (novels).
 What is the person doing in the photo?
 What makes you think that?
 What social class does this person belong?
 Do you think this person would be discriminated against
today? Why or why not?
Review Literary Terms
 Allusion?
Flashback –Tab five November 6
 Flashback– Recalling events that happened before the
time the story is being told.
 EX: Scout recalls the summer Jem broke his arm
and all of the incidents that led to that night.
Tab 1—Show Vs. Tell
 Telling: Our car went out of control and went into a
ditch.
 Use specific action to describe exactly what happens.
In your notebook under tab 1, show this incident with
sensory details.
Showing Vs. Telling
 Telling: We ate a delicious Thanksgiving dinner.
 Showing: The skin of the turkey crackled as Uncle Bill
carved it, and steam rose, curling out above mounds of
sage dressing.
Grammar –Tab 2
 A fragment is a group of words used as a sentence. It
is not a sentence because it lacks a subject or a verb.
Because of missing a part, the thought is incomplete.
 EX Fragment: Spaghetti all over the table. (lacks a verb)
 EX Sentence: Spaghetti flew all over the table.
Why are the following sentences
fragments?
 Used their webbed feet to steer.
 My friend Susan.
 In the yard.
 The dogs and kittens.
 Opened the door and left.
Noun/Verb Review
 Put an “n” over each noun and a “v” over each verb.
 1. Penguins use their webbed feet to steer.
 2. My friend Susan dances competitively.
 3. Henry opened the door and left.
Review!
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Simile?
Metaphor?
Personification?
Pun?
Idiom?
Alliteration?
Imagery?
Onomatopoeia?
Assonance?
Tone?
Irony?
--Dramatic Irony?
--verbal irony?
--situational irony?
--theme?
--allusion?
--flashback?
Connotation—Tab Five
November 8
 Connotation are all the meanings, associations, or
emotions that a word suggests.
 You have positive or negative connotations
 EX: Home: cozy, loving, comfortable, security, or any
other feelings associated with this location.
Tab One—Showing Vs. Telling
 Telling: We went to the football game Friday night.
 Use specific action to describe exactly what happens.
In your notebook under tab 1, show this incident with
sensory details.
Improving Your Writing
Look at your narrative.
 Highlight all of your verbs—determine if they are in past
or present tense.

Change at least three verbs to have stronger diction
 Highlight all of your nouns

Change at least three nouns to have more description
Review!
 Allusion?
 Flashback?
 Connotation?
 Denotation?
Denotation—Tab Five
November 11
 The literal meaning of a word.
 Think of this as the dictionary definition
 EX: Cuisine means prepared food—denotation
 Cuisine may mean holiday traditions –connotation
MLA-Modern Language Association
 Why do we use MLA?
Narrative Part One
 On Tuesday November 12
 Set paper using MLA tutorial
 Type part one of your narrative
 Save to a student drive, Google mail, and/or flash drive.
Review!
 Allusion?
 Flashback?
 Connotation?
 Denotation?
Aside –Tab Five
November 13
 An aside is are words spoken by a character, usually in
a play, directly to the audience or to another character
but not overheard by others onstage.
Narrative Part Two—Tab One
 Part two of your narrative answers the how and what.
 You will use action and dialogue to show your story.
 Avoid linking verbs (am, is, are, was, were, be, being,
been)
 Use action verbs
Using Dialogue in Narratives
 Dialogue is the “talking” by characters in a story
 ALWAYS begin a NEW PARAGRAPH with each change
of speaker (include indentation):
 EX:


“How are you today?” asked Mrs. Schaub.
“I’m great!” replied the student.
Using Dialogue in Narratives
 Spoken sentences end with a COMMA (unless it is a
question or exclamation):
 “She took the last piece of cake,” said Alyssa.
 “She did?” asked Miriam.
 “Yes, she did!” said Alyssa.
 “That’s too bad,” said Miriam.
Using Dialogue in Narratives
 Punctuation goes INSIDE the quotation marks AND at
the end of the sentence:
 “He wants four tickets,” Andy said.
 “That’s right,” Jake said. “I want four tickets.”
Using Dialogue in Narratives
 Capitalize the first letter of each line of dialogue.
 If the sentence is interrupted by explanatory words such as
he said or she wrote, use two sets of quotation marks and
continue the sentence without capitalization.
 If the sentence is complete and interrupted, use a period
after the speaker. If the sentence is not complete and
interrupted, use a comma after the speaker.
 “Be sure to take boots,” Mother added. “The forecast calls for
snow.”
 “In fact,” Jake said, “the tickets cost ten dollars.”
The Memory Box—Mary Bahr
How does dialogue
advance the story?
Dialogue Practice
 With a partner, complete the dialogue practice
worksheet.
 Come up to my desk when you are finished to have
your work checked.
 If you miss any of the statements, you and your partner
need to fix the error.
 Submit after you correct your errors.
Review!
 Noun?
 Verb?
 Linking verb?
 Dependent clause?
 Independent clause?
 Fragment?
 Subject?
 Predicate?
Bell Ringer 11/14
Tab Four
 Correct each fragment.
 1. Want to see a movie Friday night.
 2. The main concern of the committee.
 3. Because Ms. Jameson postponed the test until
Wednesday.
 4. Ran her fastest time in the citywide trials.
Grammar Notes—
Pronouns
 A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, a
group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun.
 First Person: I, ME , WE, US
 Second Person: YOU
 Third Person: HE, HIM, SHE, HER, IT, THEY, THEM
Narrative Notes Part 2 Continued
 Fundamentals of the story are evident
 Climbing action --The central part of the story during
which various problems arise, and it leads up to the
climax. (could be an internal or external conflict)
 Climax--the turning point in the action of the story. It is
also usually the most exciting, scary or action filled part
of the story which leads to the falling action
Narrative Notes Part 2 Continued
 Falling Action--is the part of a story which follows the
climax, or turning point; it has the action or dialogue
needed to bring the story to an end.
Review!
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Simile?
Metaphor?
Personification?
Pun?
Idiom?
Alliteration?
Imagery?
Onomatopoeia?
Assonance?
Tone?
Irony?
--Dramatic Irony?
--verbal irony?
--situational irony?
--theme?
--allusion?
--flashback?
--aside?
--connotation?
--denotation?
Oxymoron
Tab Five—November 15
 An oxymoron is a combination of contradictory
words.
 EX: Jumbo shrimp
 EX: cruel kindness
 EX: Pretty ugly
Review!
 Allusion?
 Flashback?
 Connotation?
 Denotation?
 Aside?
Juxtaposition-Tab 5
November 18
 Juxtaposition is the act of placing two or more
contradictory things side by side.
 EX:
Editing Your Narrative
 You will first split your narrative into three sections
using a highlighter.
 You will then switch your narrative three times with
the members in your group.
 Each member will focus on a specific topic:
 Imagery
 Action Verbs
 Elements of a story
Review!
 Verb?
 Noun?
 Pronoun?
 Subject?
 Predicate?
 Independent clause?
 Dependent Clause?
 Fragment?
Bell Ringer—Tab Four
 Identify the independent and dependent clause in
each sentence.
 1. We can go to the game as long as we get home by
eleven o’clock.
 2. We observed while the teacher dissected the frog.
 3. When the fire alarm sounded, the entire school exited
the building.
Bell Ringer –Tab Four
November 20
 Why are the following clauses fragments?
 1. Wanted to explore a remote area of the park.
 2. The two weary hikers walking for hours.
 3. In the classroom.
The Sneetches
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMolzESn4oI
Review!
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Simile?
Metaphor?
Personification?
Pun?
Idiom?
Alliteration?
Imagery?
Onomatopoeia?
Assonance?
Tone?
Irony?
Consonance
--Dramatic Irony?
--verbal irony?
--situational irony?
--theme?
--allusion?
--flashback?
--Oxymoron
--aside?
--connotation?
--denotation?
--juxtaposition?
Foreshadowing—Tab 5
November 22
 Foreshadowing--The use of clues to hint at events
that will occur later in the plot.
Narrative Part Three—Tab 1
 Part three of your narrative answers “why” of your
story
 You will also answer the following questions:
 Why is this memory important?
 What did you learn from this memory?
Review!
 Verb?
 Noun?
 Pronoun?
 Subject?
 Predicate?
 Independent clause?
 Dependent Clause?
 Fragment?
Bell Ringer –Tab Four
November 25
 Label N for each noun, V for each verb, and P for each
pronoun.
 1. The jury is ready with its verdict.
 2. The ninth-graders themselves planted the garden.
 3. The president gave himself a month to find a new
media expert.
Parts of Speech Notes
Tab Two
 An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a
pronoun by limiting its meaning.
 Blue notebook
 An adjective tells what kind, which one, how many, or
how much.
 Pronouns and nouns can also serve as adjectives when
they modify nouns.
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My kitten
Leather shoes
Adjectives
 Verbs ending in -ing, -ed, or are irregularly formed can
also serve as adjectives.
 EX: a spinning top
 some burned toast
 A fallen tree
Practice
 What is the adjective in each ? What does it modify?
 1. Five-hundred tired fans waited in line for four hours.
 2. Mrs. Angelini requests an aisle seat at concerts.
 3. Yes, the new PTA president is George's mother.
Review!
 Verb?
 Noun?
 Pronoun?
 Subject?
 Predicate?
 Independent clause?
 Dependent Clause?
 Fragment?
 Adjective?
Phrases
 A phrase is a group of words that acts in a sentence as
a single part of speech.
 The staircase leads to the attic.
 He is saving money to travel to Bogota, the capital of
Columbia.
Adverb
 An Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb by making its meaning more specific.
 Adverbs modify by answering these questions: when?
Where? How? To what degree?
 Modifying Verbs: Never swim alone.
 Modifying Adjectives: The movie was very scary and too
long.
 Modifying Adverbs: She almost always waited quite
patiently.
School Memory
Miss Cox’s School Memory
Miss Cox’s School Memory
Narrowing Down Topic
 Life as an RA—specifically rounds with Melissa.
Review!
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Simile?
Metaphor?
Personification?
Pun?
Idiom?
Alliteration?
Imagery?
Onomatopoeia?
Assonance?
Tone?
Irony?
Foreshadowing?
Consonance ?
--Dramatic Irony?
--verbal irony?
--situational irony?
--theme?
--allusion?
--flashback?
--Oxymoron
--aside?
--connotation?
--denotation?
--juxtaposition?
Symbolism—Tab Five
December 3
 Symbolism is the use of symbols to express or
represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.
Review!
 Verb?
 Noun?
 Pronoun?
 Subject?
 Predicate?
 Independent clause?
 Dependent Clause?
 Fragment?
 Adjective?
Adverb?
Bell Ringer—Tab Four
December 5
 Identify what part of the sentence is missing in each of
the fragments and correct the fragment.
 1. My favorite story in the book.
 2. Walking to the store.
 3. On the radio.
 4. Was not delivered.
 5. Last week.
Review!
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Simile?
Metaphor?
Personification?
Pun?
Idiom?
Alliteration?
Imagery?
Onomatopoeia?
Assonance?
Tone?
Irony?
Foreshadowing?
Consonance ?
--Dramatic Irony?
--verbal irony?
--situational irony?
--theme?
--allusion?
--flashback?
--Oxymoron
--aside?
--connotation?
--denotation?
--juxtaposition?
--symbolism?
 --Review the MLA set up. Is it correct? Make any
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corrections needed.
--Next, circle any weak diction. Circle any linking verbs
--Is the where and when clearly identified? If not, let
the writer know.
--Imagery—what sense needs added or is lacking in
the writing?
--Grammar—correct any grammar errors
Tab Three
 Draw three columns on a sheet of paper.
 Label the left side Scottsboro Trial, label the center
Both, and label the right side To Kill a Mockingbird
Trial
 List the similarities between the two cases in the
middle column. List specific qualities about each case
under its column.