CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of Study
Agriculture was developed at least 10,000 years ago, and it has undergone
significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. Even before, during the
Aztec civilization, they had chinampas or small, stationary, artificial islands built on a
freshwater lake for agricultural purposes. During the 1800s, the cultivation method has
evolved; scientists found out that it is possible to plant without soil. This method is called
hydroponics. (World History Micropedia, 1995)
Hydroponics produces more number of products. In a growing country with an
increasing population yet decreasing food, and increasing industrialization, the people
need alternative planting method which produces better and more plenty outcome.
(Hydroponics.net, 2011)
At present, the climate in the Philippines is getting unpredictable. Sometimes it
rains, but most of the time, it’s hot. Some land areas are not feasible for planting anymore
because soil has dried, like what happens during El Niño. And due to industrialization,
the land areas available for planting are turned into roads, industrial sites and
subdivisions. Plant lovers in the city wouldn’t want to spend much to go to the mountains
and plant there instead. This method has been around for almost 200 years and scientists
2
still do not know if it is a better way to grow plants or not. This topic was chosen to study
furthermore about hydroponics.
In this study, the researchers want to distinguish whether growing plants, like
Mung bean, hydroponically with fertilizer is more preferable than growing plants
“conventionally” in soil with fertilizer by comparing the growth characteristics of the
output.
B.
Statement of the Problem
This study focused on the evaluation of the growth characteristics of Mung bean
grown in hydroponics method in comparison with conventional method.
Sub-Problems:
1)
What are the growth characteristics of the Mung bean grown in
hydroponics and in soil set-up in terms of:
2)
a.
height of plant;
b.
leaf size;
c.
Biomass?
Is there a significant difference in the growth characteristics of the Mung
bean between the hydroponics and soil set-up in terms of height of plant,
leaf size and biomass?
3)
What is the growth rate of the Mung bean in terms of height?
4)
Is there a significant difference on the growth rate in terms of height of
plants every week between the hydroponics and soil set-up?
3
C.
Hypotheses
1)
There is no significant difference in the growth characteristics of the
Mung bean between the hydroponics and soil set-up in terms of height of
plant, leaf size and biomass.
2)
There is no significant difference on the growth rate in terms of height of
plants every week between the hydroponics and soil set-up.
D.
Significance of the study
Hydroponics can be a source of income from direct sales. It promotes family or
community owned micro-enterprises. Also, it does not require the usage of pesticide,
farmers can have bigger profit and consumers can be assured of safety products.
Planting hydroponically can produce more Mung bean, thus it can help minimize
food shortage which is one of the major problems in the country. Fertilizer companies
can also benefit.
In making the hydroponics set-up, it is possible to make use of recyclable
materials such as wood and disposable containers like plastic bottles of coke or plastic
cups. This way, the researcher can spend less and it is environment-friendly since the
materials used are recycled. It is also ideal for food production in urban areas since urban
areas are not feasible for planting and spaces are now used up for industrial sites due to
modernization. Also, an area previously considered inappropriate for food production can
be occupied for hydroponics farming.
4
E.
Scope and Limitations
The researchers focused mainly on the difference in growth characteristics of
hydroponics and in soil in terms of height, number of true leaves, between hydroponics
and soil planting. The researchers used forty Mung beans as plant sample exposed to the
two treatments for a time span of four weeks. Mung bean was chosen by the researcher
for it grows fast hence it will meet the deadline. The study was conducted at the garden of
the researcher.
F.
Definition of Terms
Biomass
It is the overall weight of the Mung bean.
Fertilizer
It is commercial fertilizer added to the plants in
both hydroponics and soil set-ups to improve
growth rate.
Growth rate
It is the amount of the increase in terms of height
gained in the four weeks of experimentation
Hydroponics set-up
It is the set-up that used water instead of soil where
Mung beans were grown
Leaf size
It is the length of the leaf’s midrib after four weeks
Plant Height
It refers to the measurement of the leaf from the
roots to the plant top.
Soil set-up
It is the common planting set-up that uses soil
where the Mung beans are directly grown
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This research makes use of Mung bean, commonly known as Munggo or Monggo
(Figure 1). It is native to India and is the seed of Vigna radiata. The Mung bean is one of
many species recently moved from the genus Phaseolus to Vigna and is still often cited as
Phaseolusaureus or Phaseolusradiatus which are all the same. Thus, the scientific name of
this seed or plant is Vigna radiata. It belongs to the bean family Fabacea (Wikipedia,
2011). Its visual characteristics are small plump cylindrical beans with bright green skin.
The leaves of the Mung beans are long-petioled, compound, with three leaflets that are
ovate and entire, broad base with pointed tips. Its flowers are yellow arranged near the
end of the short stalks. The pods are linear, hairy and spreading. The seeds are 4 to 6 mm
in length. (Stuart, 2011)
Figure 1. Mung bean
6
The method for plants grown in the absence of soil is called hydroponics. It is
derived from the words "hydro" which means "water" and "ponos" which means "labor".
Literally it means water work. Way back from history, this technique has been already
used from many ancient civilizations. Howard M. Resh noted in Hydroponic Food
Production (Woodbridge Press, 1997): “The hanging gardens of Babylon, the floating
gardens of the Aztecs of Mexico and those of the Chinese are examples of hydroponic
culture. It has been described in the Egyptian hieroglyphic records dating back several
hundred years B.C.” According to the American Encyclopedia (2005), scientists had
already reported and grew plants in several cultures to which only water and chemical
nutrients are supplied. They were John Woodward, an English physician; Jean Baptiste
Boussingault, a French Chemist; and Julius von Sachs, a German botanist, who published
what was probably the first nutrient culture formula for growing plants. The preferred
technique to determine the mineral requirements of a plant was developed at the end of
19th century. Today, hydroponics is confined mostly to the greenhouse cultivation of
plants. Grolier (1995) discussed that hydroponic culture requires the carefully controlled
intake of carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, plant nutrients, heat and light. If these needed
materials are supplied, plants grow well.
It does not matter if a plant is grown in soil or water, as long as their nutritional
needs are met. Soil may contain harmful organisms for the plants, but in hydroponics, the
plant is always soaked in a solution, thus making it healthier.
In making the hydroponics set-up, it is possible to make use of recyclable
materials such as wood and disposable containers like plastic bottles of coke or plastic
7
cups. This way, the researcher can spend less. It is also ideal for food production in urban
areas since urban areas are not feasible for planting and spaces are now used up for
industrial sites due to modernization. Another thing is that, an area previously considered
inappropriate for food production can be occupied for hydroponics farming. (Mix PH,
2007)
In soil, the molecules are too large so the roots cannot absorb organic substances.
So these substances are broken down into molecules. Plants, since the beginning, have
been growing in soil, their natural habit. They draw water, nutrients from the soil. Their
roots anchor themselves in the soil and give the plant the physical support, enabling them
to grow erect and tall. In the soil, their roots cannot absorb organic substances – the
molecules being too large for them. So these substances are broken down into simpler
soluble inorganic salts by the bacteria and other organisms in the soil, and the plants draw
them. The soil also has air pockets that contain oxygen which the roots need for some
reactions in drawing these simple inorganic substances.
Plants absorb 15 elements for their growth – hydrogen, oxygen, carbon – from the
air and water. From the soil they absorb – nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium,
magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, and manganese. Knowing
this, in hydroponics, these simple inorganic salts are dissolved in water in the correct
proportion – some more, some less. Salts vary, but commonly – potassium nitrate,
calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, iron chelate, boric acid, zinc sulfate
and salts of molybdenum and manganese.
The solution is fed to the plants grown in containers, roots submerged in the
solution. The quality of the solution is monitored to give the plants the maximum
8
nutrients that it could take, care taken not to give an ‘overdose.’ The solution is kept
running to ensure that enough dissolved oxygen for the roots. The plant is kept upright by
tying it to proper supports as it grows.
So overall, since the feed is kept to the maximum, the plant grows fast and
produces better crops – the yield from hydroponic farming is higher. (Plant Propagation,
2011)
In the research paper entitled “Growth Characteristics of Pechay (Brassica rapa)
in Soil and Hydroponics” by Marlon Yu and Maria Veronica Achacoso, results show that
the plant grew better in hydroponics. Compared to the soil set-up, the first true leaves
appeared but the number of true leaves is equal, and the leaf size is bigger.
This research is distinct from others for it makes use of fertilizer for hydroponics
and soil set-up. The type of fertilizer used is Urea. Also, the time of experimentation is
four weeks compared to the related study entitled “Growth Characteristics of Pechay
(Brassica rapa) in Soil and Hydroponics.”
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A.
Research Design
The study employs randomized complete block design to be able to determine the
difference in terms of growth characteristics of plant grown hydroponically (using water)
and conventionally (using soil). The researchers made use of Mung bean (Vigna radiata)
as its plant sample. Twenty samples composed of four groups, each having five Mung
beans were prepared for each treatment. Growth characteristics monitored weekly for a
month includes the height of the plant, leaf size, and biomass.
B.
Materials and Equipment
Materials

40 folder strips
 Garden soil (loam)

40 plastic cups
 Mung beans

Cotton

Tap water

Urea Fertilizer
 Deep container
Equipment:
 weighing scale
10
C.
Experimental Set-up
Table 1. Composition of the Different Samples
D.
COMPONENTS
Mung bean (pcs.)
SET-UP A
20 pcs.
SET-UP B
20 pcs.
Tap water (mL)
500 mL
500 mL
Fertilizer (mL)
55 mL
55 mL
Treatment
Soil
hydrophonics
General Procedures
Germination of seeds
Before seeds were assigned in the hydroponics and soil set-up, they were
germinated first. The seeds were placed in cotton soaked with tap water. The cotton with
the seeds was set in a plastic container and the damp cotton was placed in an area where
enough moisture is provided. It was located on an elevated place where it received
sufficient amount of sunlight until leaves started appearing. The allotted time for the
germination is three days. A number of 40 seeds were chosen randomly.
Solution of seed samples
The nutrient solution is the most important factor in the success or failure of a
hydroponic system. Hydroponic plants receive nutrients from a different source that is
why it is necessary to use a fertilizer for hydroponic planting. And throughout the
experiment, it is to remember to follow the dilution rate recommended. The pH should be
five or six. The nutrient solution was also changed every week. The main materials
needed in the nutrient solution are water and a commercial fertilizer. The fertilizer used
was Urea. The ratio of the fertilizer and water is 1:9. And it is an important factor not to
overuse the nutrient solution for the plant to survive.
11
Preparation of set-up
The 40 randomly selected seeds were assigned with 20 samples each for
hydroponics and soil. Labels were also placed in each plastic cups in both set-ups.
Garden soil, specifically loam soil, and plastic cups are the materials needed for
the soil set-up. The soil was placed in the plastic cups with equal amount. Each plastic
cup has a hole below. The Mung bean seeds germinated in cotton were then transferred in
the plastic cup – one seed per cup. A folder strip was placed to keep track of changes and
growth development.
The other 20 Mung beans were placed in another cup with pebbles that serve as an
anchor for the roots. The hydroponics set-up wouldn't be complete without the water.
Monitoring of plant growth
The growth of plant was monitored weekly for a month. The height of the Mung
Bean was monitored by placing a cardboard or stick beside each mung bean. Heights are
measured every end of week by placing a mark on the cardboard or stick. At the end of
the month, the marked cardboard or stick was then measured using a ruler. The size of the
biggest leaf was measured using the Vernier calliper while the biomass, mass of all mung
bean plants, was weighed using a weighing scale.
E.
Statistical Tool
The tool to be used to compare the mean of the two groups and determine whether
they are statistically different is the t-test (Figure 2) since the number of samples per
treatment is below 30.
12
where
x=
u=
s=
n=
13
Germination of seeds
Preparation of set-ups
Solution of Seed Samples
Transfer germinated seeds to
soil and hydroponics set-up
Monitor plant growth
Record observations
Figure 2. Flow chart of The Experimental Procedure
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This study aims to compare the growth characteristics of Mung bean grown in
two different set ups which are hydroponics and soil set-up. The samples in the different
set-ups were monitored for it plant height weekly and leaf size and biomass at the end of
a week. Comparisons were also conducted for the average growth of the forty Mung
bean seedlings which were randomly selected. The computed mean values of the growth
characteristics of Mung bean in hydroponics and soil for a month are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Mean Values of Growth Characteristics of Mung Bean in Hydroponics and
Soil After a Month
SET-UP
GROWTH
CHARACTERISTICS
HYDROPONICS
SOIL
Height (cm)
28.48
28.14
Leaf Size (cm)
1.620
1.515
Biomass (g)
1.6345
1.6225
After four weeks, the average height, leaf size and biomass of mung beans
exposed to hydroponics setup had better growth than those exposed to soil set-up as
shown in Table 2. The difference in the growth is probable due to the presence of the
nutrient solution in the hydroponic set-up. The nutrient solution is replenished weekly,
hence the plants are provided with a constant supply of nutrients necessary for growth.
While the plants in the soil set-up had to depend only on the nutrients already present in
15
the soil at the time that the Mung bean plants were planted. For further studies, this
factor can be look into and controlled by supplying fresh supply of fertilizers even to the
soil set-up. The difference in the growth characteristics are then verified whether there
exist as statistical difference or not using the t-test. Results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Interpretation of Statistical Test on Growth Characteristic
GROWTH
P-VALUE ALPHA
INTERPRETATION
CHARACTERISTIC
There is not enough evidence to
reject the claim that the mean
Height
0.490
0.05
height of the Mung bean is equal.
So, there is NO significant
difference.
There is enough evidence to reject
the claim that the mean leaf size is
Leaf size
0.0002
0.05
equal. So, there is a significant
difference.
There is not enough evidence to
reject the claim that the mean
Biomass
0.0609
0.05
weight is equal. So, there is NO
significant difference.
Table 3 shows the summary of t-test on the growth characteristics of the Mung
beans exposed to hydroponics and soil set-up. Statistically, the mean leaf size of the
Mung bean grown in hydroponics and soil has statistical difference since the computed pvalue = 0.0002 is less than the level of significance which is 0.05. While the height and
biomass of the Mung bean have no significant difference because their p-values are
greater than the alpha (α=0.05). This means that the height and biomass of the mung
beans exposed in hydroponics and soil are statistically the same. However, the leaf sizes
for both treatments significantly differ. Hence, it can be interpreted that mung beans
exposed to hydroponics are significantly better that that exposed to soil treatment
16
particularly in leaf size. This is probably due to the constant change of fertilizer in the
hydroponics as compared to soil set-up.
The weekly growth rate in terms of height was then computed and compared for
both set-ups. Results are shown in Table 5 and graphical representation illustrated in
Figure 3.
Table 5. Mean Values of Growth Rate (cm/day) on Mung Bean Plants
PARAMETERS
WEEKS
HEIGHT (cm)
GROWTH RATE (cm/day)
Hydrophonics
Soil
Hydrophonics
Soil
Initial
11.47
11.21
3.823
3.735
week 1
17.87
17.46
2.553
1.494
week 2
20.22
20.00
1.444
1.428
week 3
25.16
25.01
1.198
1.191
week 4
28.48
28.14
1.017
1.005
During the germination period, initial reading, the growth rate of the Mung beans
is numerically faster than the next weeks for both set-ups. But still the growth rate in
hydroponics set-up is numerically better than soil set-up from germination until after a
month. As the week progresses, the growth rate slows down because as a plant gets
bigger, leaves are grown, hence it becomes harder for the plant to distribute the needed
minerals for itself. Figure 3 shows the growth of Mung bean in hydroponics and in soil
from the first week to the last week of experimentation.
Height (in cm)
17
29.4775
27.4775
25.4775
23.4775
21.4775
19.4775
17.4775
15.4775
13.4775
11.4775
9.4775
Hydroponics
Soil
1
2
3
4
5
Week
Figure 3. Average Growth in Height of Mung bean in Hydroponics and Soil
It is observed in Figure 3 that the average height of the Mung beans per week in
the hydroponics (blue line) treatment is numerically taller than the soil set-up (red line).
This means that hydroponics set-up is better than soil set-up. The difference in average
growth in height is probably due to the more frequent change of fertilizer in hydroponics
set-up than in soil set-up. Furthermore, this may be due to the weather that affected the
amount of water absorbed by the plants in both treatments. The weather during the
period of experimentation is sunny thus causing the water in the soil treatment to dry
faster giving the plants lesser amount of water to absorb.
In hydroponics, the Mung
beans are already soaked in sufficient amount of water. According to studies, when the
temperature is high, transpiration or the loss of water absorption in plants occurs. This
may be the cause of the difference in the plant height.
18
Table 6. Interpretation of Statistical Test on Growth Rate
GROWTH
P-VALUE ALPHA
INTERPRETATION
CHARACTERISTIC
There is not enough evidence to
reject the claim that the mean
Growth Rate
0.753
0.05
height of the Mung bean is equal.
So, there is no significant
difference.
Table 6 shows the result of the statistical test on growth rate in terms of height of
the Mung beans exposed to hydroponics and soil. Statistically, growth rate of the Mung
bean has no significant difference because their p-values are greater than the alpha
(α=0.05). This means that the weekly growth rate in terms of height of the mung beans
exposed to hydroponics is statistically the same with that of the soil set-up. This means
that growing plants in hydroponics are relatively the same with growing in soil. Hence, it
is not a good reason for man not to grow plants due to lack of soil area since growing in
water is a good substitute.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A.
Summary
This study aimed to make a comparison of the growth characteristics of forty
Mung beans grown into two different set-ups namely hydroponics set-up which uses
water instead of soil and the set-up that uses the conventional method which is the most
common method of planting and makes use of soil.
The Mung beans were first
germinated for three days before transferring into the different set-ups. A statistical tool
was used to determine whether or not the growth characteristics of the Mung bean in
terms of plant height, leaf size and biomass have a significant difference if the Mung
bean is planted in two different ways of planting.
After four weeks, the average height, leaf size and biomass of mung beans
exposed to hydroponics setup had better growth than those exposed to soil set-up. The
difference in the growth is probable due to the presence of the nutrient solution in the
hydroponic set-up. The nutrient solution is replenished weekly, hence the plants are
provided with a constant supply of nutrients necessary for growth. Furthermore, the
average height of the Mung beans per week in the hydroponics treatment is numerically
taller than the soil set-up. This means that hydroponics set-up is better than soil set-up.
20
B.
Conclusions
Based on the gathered and observed data, after four weeks, the average height,
leaf size and biomass of mung beans exposed to hydroponics setup were 28.48 cm, 1.620
cm and 1.6345 g, respectively: while that grown in soil set-up had 28.14 cm, 1.515 cm
ang 1.6225 grams. This shows that mung beans exposed to hydroponics are numerically
better than that exposed to soil set-up. There exists a significant difference in leaf size
for both treatments. However, the height and biomass do not significant differ
Furthermore, the growth rate of the Mung beans is numerically faster during the
germination period than the next weeks for both set-ups. As the week progresses, the
growth rate slows down because as a plant gets bigger, leaves are grown. Still the growth
rate in hydroponics set-up is numerically better than soil set-up from germination until
after a month. But there exists no significant differences in the growth rate of Mung bean
in terms of height.
C.
Recommendations
Despite having accepted and rejected the hypothesis, this research paper can still
be improved if more growth characteristics were taken into consideration, such as height
of roots. Moreover, we recommend the following:
1.
Use another type of plant to experiment and use another medium.
2.
Add other treatments on the plants.
3.
Refresh fertilizer of soil sample at the same with that of hydroponics setup.
21
REFERENCES
Books
Hoobler, D. & T. (1975) House Plants. Published in US (p.17)
Campbell N., Reece J.B, & Mitchell L.G (1999) Biology, Fifth Edition. Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc.
World History Micropedia, (1995) Published in USA, University of Oxford
Dictionaries & Encyclopedia
Doset and Baber (1993). In Webster’s Universal Unabridged Dictionary.
American Encyclopedia (2005). In American Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library
Publishing, Inc. (p.662)
Grolier International Encyclopedia (1995) Grolier Inc. (p.343)
Internet Sources
Greentrees Hydroponics (2009). Hydroponics Gardening for Beginners.
Retrieved August 2011, from website: http://www.hydroponics.net/
Gardening Tips Idea (2007). Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroponics.
Retrieved August 2011, from website: http://www.gardening-tipsidea.com/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Hydroponics.html/
Stuart, G. (2004, February 20). Philippine Medical Plants. Retrieved August 2011,
from website: http://www.stuartxchange.org/Balatong.html/
77 Hydro (2000) Uses of Hydroponics. Hydroponics and Lighting Systems.
Retrieved August 2011, from website: http://www.77hydrostore.com/usesof-hydroponics.html/
Unpublished Research
Yu, M & Achacoso, M.V (2011). Growth Characteristics of Pechay (Brassica
rapa) Grown in Soil and in Hydroponics
22
APPENDIX A
DOCUMENTATION
Figure # Preparation of Set-up
Figure # Germination
23
Figure # Transplant of Mung Beans
Figure #
24
APPENDIX B
DATA GATHERED
Table #. Raw Data of Plant Height in Hydrophonics Set-up
PLANT #
INITIAL
WEEK 1
WEEK 2
WEEK 3
WEEK 4
1
12.3
19.1
21.3
26.2
32
2
12.1
18.8
21.1
25.7
29.7
3
12.1
18.8
21.1
25.7
30
4
12.3
19.1
21.3
25.9
32.3
5
11
17
19.8
24.9
28.4
6
11.3
17.3
20.3
25.4
28.7
7
11.2
17.3
20.3
25.4
28.7
8
11
17
19.8
24.9
26.7
9
10.7
16.3
19.3
24.1
26.4
10
10.8
16.5
19.6
24.9
27.9
11
10.9
16.5
19.3
24.4
26.7
12
10.7
16
18.8
24.1
26.4
13
12.1
18.8
20.3
25.4
28.7
14
11.8
18.5
20.3
25.7
28.4
15
11.5
18.3
20.3
25.7
28.4
16
11.2
17.8
20.3
25.4
28.7
17
11.6
18.5
19.8
24.1
26.2
18
11.5
18.5
19.8
24.4
26.9
19
11.7
18.8
20.8
25.4
29.2
20
11.6
18.5
20.8
25.4
29.2
Ave
11.47
17.87
20.22
25.155
28.48
25
Table #. Raw Data of Plant Height in Soil Set-up
PLANT #
INITIAL
WEEK 1
WEEK 2
WEEK 3
WEEK 4
1
12.1
18
20.3
25.4
31
2
11.6
17.8
19.8
24.6
29.2
3
11.2
18
20.6
25.4
30.5
4
11.6
18.3
20.6
25.7
31.2
5
10.6
16.5
19.3
24.4
27.9
6
12.5
17.8
20.3
25.4
28.7
7
12.4
17.8
20.3
25.4
28.4
8
11.1
17
19.8
24.4
26.9
9
11.5
16.5
19.1
24.4
28.2
10
11.5
16.5
19.1
24.4
26.9
11
10.3
16
19.1
24.4
27.2
12
10.6
16
19.1
24.4
26.9
13
10.8
17.8
19.8
24.9
28.2
14
11.3
18.3
20.6
25.7
26.9
15
11.1
18
20.3
24.9
27.2
16
11.4
17.8
20.3
25.7
26.9
17
10
17.3
20.3
24.9
27.4
18
10.7
17.8
20.3
24.9
27.4
19
10.5
18
20.6
25.4
27.9
20
11.3
18
20.3
25.4
27.9
Ave
11.205
17.46
19.995
25.005
28.14
26
Table #. Height Difference (in cm) in Hydrophonics Set-up
PLANT #
A
B
C
D
E
1
6.8
2.2
4.9
5.8
19.7
2
6.7
2.3
4.6
4
17.6
3
6.7
2.3
4.6
4.3
17.9
4
6.8
2.2
4.6
6.4
20
5
6
2.8
5.1
3.5
17.4
6
6
3
5.1
3.3
17.4
7
6.1
3
5.1
3.3
17.5
8
6
2.8
5.1
1.8
15.7
9
5.6
3
5.3
2.3
15.7
10
5.7
3.1
5.3
3
17.1
11
5.6
2.8
5.1
2.3
15.8
12
5.3
2.8
5.3
2.3
15.7
13
6.7
1.5
5.1
3.3
16.6
14
6.7
1.8
5.4
2.7
16.6
15
6.8
2
5.4
2.7
16.9
16
6.6
2.5
5.1
3.3
17.5
17
6.9
1.3
4.3
2.1
14.6
18
7
1.3
4.6
2.5
15.4
19
7.1
2
4.6
3.8
17.5
20
6.9
2.3
4.6
3.8
17.6
Ave
6.4
2.35
4.96
3.325
17.01
Legend:
A = week 1 – initial
B = week 2 – week 1
C = week 3 – week 2
D = week 4 – week 3
E = week 4 - initial
27
Table #. Height Difference (in cm) in Soil Set-up
PLANT #
A
B
C
D
E
1
5.9
1.5
5.1
5.6
18.9
2
6.2
2
4.8
4.6
17.6
3
6.8
2.6
4.8
5.1
19.3
4
6.7
2.3
6.1
5.5
19.6
5
5.9
2.8
5.1
3.5
17.3
6
5.3
2.5
5.1
3.3
16.2
7
5.4
2.5
5.1
2.5
16
8
5.9
2.8
4.6
2.5
15.8
9
5
2.6
5.3
3.8
16.7
10
5
2.6
5.3
2.5
15.4
11
5.7
3.1
5.3
2.8
16.9
12
5.4
3.1
5.3
2.5
16.3
13
7
2
5.1
3.3
17.4
14
7
2.3
5.1
1.2
15.6
15
6.9
2.3
4.6
2.3
16.1
16
6.4
2.5
4.7
1.2
15.5
17
7.3
3
4.6
2.5
17.4
18
7.1
2.5
4.6
2.5
16.7
19
7.5
2.6
4.8
2.5
17.4
20
6.7
2.3
5.1
2.5
16.6
Ave
6.255
2.495
5.025
3.11
16.935
28
Table #. Raw Data of Leaf Size (in cm)
PLANT
HYDROPHONICS SOIL
#
1
1.8
1.4
PLANT
#
11
HYDROPHONICS
SOIL
1.5
1.6
2
1.6
1.6
12
1.7
1.6
3
1.7
1.5
13
1.6
1.6
4
1.8
1.5
14
1.6
1.4
5
1.6
1.4
15
1.6
1.6
6
1.8
1.3
16
1.6
1.4
7
1.6
1.5
17
1.6
1.6
8
1.5
1.6
18
1.5
1.5
9
1.4
1.5
19
1.7
1.5
10
1.5
1.5
20
1.7
1.7
Ave
1.62
1.515
HYDROPHONICS
SOIL
1.62
1.63
Table #. Raw Data of Biomass (in grams)
PLANT
HYDROPHONICS SOIL
#
1
1.66
1.64
PLANT
#
11
2
1.63
1.65
12
1.66
1.64
3
1.63
1.6
13
1.64
1.59
4
1.6
1.61
14
1.63
1.58
5
1.62
1.63
15
1.63
1.59
6
1.63
1.66
16
1.62
1.61
7
1.64
1.65
17
1.64
1.64
8
1.63
1.63
18
1.64
1.63
9
1.65
1.62
19
1.63
1.61
10
1.65
1.61
20
1.64
1.63
Ave
1.6345
1.6225
29
APPENDIX C
STATISTICAL TEST RESULTS
Table #. Result for Height
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Equal Sample Sizes
0.05
Data1
Mean
Variance
Observations
Pooled Variance
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
T Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
T Critical Two-tail
Accept Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Means are the same)
Data2
20.42
20.875
42.28231
38.31602
5
5
40.29917
0
8
-0.113
0.256
1.860
0.490
2.306
Table # Result for Leaf Size
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Equal Sample Sizes
0.05
H
Mean
Variance
Observations
Pooled Variance
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
T Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
T Critical Two-tail
Reject Null Hypothesis because p < 0.05 (Means are Different)
S
1.62
0.012211
20
0.010987
0
38
3.168
0.001
1.686
0.002
2.024
1.515
0.009763
20
30
Table # Result for Biomass
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Equal Sample Sizes
0.05
Data1
Data2
Mean
1.6345
1.6225
Variance
0.000205
0.000483
Observations
20
20
Pooled Variance
0.000344
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
Df
38
t Stat
2.046
P(T<=t) one-tail
0.0305
T Critical one-tail
1.686
P(T<=t) two-tail
0.0609
T Critical Two-tail
2.024
Accept Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Means are the same)
Table #. Result for Growth Rate
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Equal Sample Sizes
0.05
Data1
Mean
Variance
Observations
Pooled Variance
Hypothesized Mean Difference
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
T Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
T Critical Two-tail
Accept Null Hypothesis because p > 0.05 (Means are the same)
Data2
2.007
1.7706
1.386881
1.243707
5
5
1.315294
0
8
0.326
0.376
1.860
0.753
2.306
31
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:
Nicole Salingay Badelles
Nickname:
Nica, Yen
Date of Birth:
November 26, 1996
Place of Birth:
Iligan City
Home Adress:
Blk. 9 lot 16, Dona Maria Subd. Ph IV, Bara-as Iligan City
Father’s Name:
Dave Dominic dela Cruz Badelles
Occupation:
Businessman
Mother’s Name:
Cherry Salingay Badelles
Occupation:
Overseas Filipino Worker
Brother’s Name:
Nicco Salingay Badelles
Sister’s Names:
Cheque Mae Salingay Badelles
Educational Background:
Elementary:
Youngster Christian Learning Place
High school: MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Integrated Developmental School
32
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:
Eurika Cantago Adrivan
Nickname:
Eur, Ikay
Date of Birth:
September 12, 1995
Place of Birth:
Iligan City
Home Adress:
#13, White Plains St., Bgy San Miguel, Iligan City
Father’s Name:
Teofilo C. Adrivan
Occupation:
Instructor
Mother’s Name:
Cristina C. Adrivan
Occupation:
Housewife
Brother’s Name:
Roy Venzon C. Adrivan
Kriz Kevin C. Adrivan
Rex Prosper C. Adrivan
Gustav Cyril C. Adrivan
Van Leo C. Adrivan
Educational Background:
Elementary:
La Salle Academy
High school: MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Integrated Developmental School