02
Modul ke:
Fakultas
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
dan BISNIS
Program Studi
Program Studi
Manajemen
The MODULE 2 concerns the aspects of English non-ing
forms. It is essential to understand that not all English
Verbs have the –ing ending.
UNDERSTANDING and USING
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Page 7 - 12
3
Page : 13 - 18
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1-9 NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS
NONPROGRESSIVE
(a)Ali knows this grammar
Some verb are nonprogressive: they are
not used in any of the progressive tenses.
These verb describe states (i.e., conditions
that exist); they do not describe activities
that are in progress. In (a): “Ali knows”
describe a mental state that exists.
PROGRESSIVE
(a)Kim is reading about this grammar
COMPARE: in (b)”kim is reading” is an
activity in progress. Progressive tenses can
be used with the verb read but not with the
verb know.
COMMON NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS
(1)
MENTAL STATE
(1) EMOSIONAL
STATE
(1)
POSSESSION
(1) SENSE
PERCEPTIION
(1) OTHER
EXISTING
STATES
know
Realize
Understand
Recognize
love
like
appreiciate
believe
feel
suppose
think*
imagine
doubt
remember
forget
want
need
prefer
mean
hate
dislike
fear
envy
mind
care
possess
have*
own
belong
taste
smell*
hear
feel*
see*
cost
owe
weigh*
be*
exist
seem
look*
appear*
consit of
contain
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•
•
•
•
•
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examples :
NONPROGRESSIVE(existing state)
Think I think he is kind man
Have he has a car
Taste this food tastes good
Smell these flowers smeel good
See
I see a butterfly. Do you see it?
Feel
the cat’s fur feels soft
Look she looks cold. I’ll lend her my coat
Appear he appear to be asleep
Weigh a piano is heavy. It weaght a lot
Be
I am hungry
PROGGRESSIVE(activity in progress)
I am thiking about this grammer
I am having trouble. She is having a good time
the chef is tasting the sauce
don is smelling hthe roses
The doctor is seeing a patiant
sue is feeling the cat’s fur
I am looking out the window
the actor is appearing on the stage
the grocer is weighing the bananas
tom is being foolish**
**COMPARE
• Bob is foolish.= foolishness is one is bob’s usual characteristics.
• Tom is being foolish.= right now, at the moment of speaking.tom is doing something thet speaker considers
foolish.
• The verb be (+ an adjective) is used in the progressive to describe a temporary charadteristic. Very few
adjectives are used with be in the progressive; some of the common are : foolish, nice, kind, lazy,careful,
patient,silly,rude,polite,impolite
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EXECISE 12 : Use either the SIMPLE PRESENT or the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE the verbs parentheses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I can’t afford thet ring. It (cost) costs too much.
Look. It (begin) is begining to rain. Unfornunately, I (have not*) haven't my umbrella
with me. Tom is lucky. He (wear) is wearing raincoat.
I (own, not) don't own an umbrella. I (wear) am wearing a waterproof hat on rainy
days.
Right now I (look) am looking around the classroom. Yoko (write) is writing In her
book. Carlod (beat) is beating his pencil. Wan-Ning (scratch) is scratching his haed.
Ahmed (stare) is straring Out the window. He (seem) seems To be daydreaming. But
perhaps he (think) is thinking Hard about verb tenses. What (think, you) do you think
Ahmed (do) is doing?
There’s a book on my desk, but it (belong,not) doesn’t belong to me.
Dennis (fix) is fixing the roof of his house today, and he (need) needs some help.
Can you help him.
Barbara (tutor, often) often tutors other students in her math class. This afternoon she
(help) helps Steve with his math assignment because he (understand, not) not
understand the material they (work) works on in their class this week.
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8. Right now I (look) am looking at Janet. She (look) looks Angry. I wonder what’s the
metter. She (have) has a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) don’t having any
fun right now.
A: Who is that women who (stand) standing next to the window?
B: which women (talk, you) you talking about the women who (wear) wearing the
blue and gold dress?
A: No, I (talk, not) don’t talking about her. I (mean) mean The women who (wear)
wearing the blue suit.
B: oh, I (know, not) don’t know . I (recognize, not) don’t recognize her.
A: Close yor eyes. Now listen carefully. What (hear, you) are you hearing ? What
(do, I) do I ?
B: I (belive) believe you (rub) rub the top of your desk with your hand.
A: Close, but not exactly right. try again. (listen, you) are you listen Carefully?
B: Aha! You (rub) are rubing your hands together.
A: Right!
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EXERCISE 13 – WRITTEN: go to aplece where there are many people ( or imagine yourself to be
in such a plece). Describe the activities you observe. Lets youe raeder see what you see; draw a
“picture” by using word.
Use present tenses. Begin your writing with a description of
your own immediate activities; e.g , I am sitting on a bench at the zoo.
1 – 10 USING THE PRESENT PROGSSIVE WITH ALWAYS
(a) Mary always leaves for school at 7:45
In sentences referring to present
time, usually the simple present
is used with always to describe
habitual or everyday activities, a
in (a)
(a) Mary is always leaving dirty socks on the
for me to pick up! Who does she think I
am? Her maid?
(b) I am always/forever/constantly picking up
Mary’s dirty socks!
In special circumstances, a speaker
my used the present progressive
with always to complain. i.e ,
express annoyance or anger, as
in (b).*
In addition to always, the words
forever and constandly are used
with the present progressive to
express annoyance.
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*COMPARE: “Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the flour” expresses
annoyance.
“Mary always leave her dirty socks on the flour” is a statement of
the which the speaker is not necessarily expressing an
attitude of
annoyance. Annoyance may, however, be included in the
speaker’s tone of voice.
fact un
EXERCISE 14 – ORAL : Assume you have roammate named jack who has many bad
habits. These bad habits annoy you. Pretend you are speaking to a
friend
and comlaining about jack. Use thw present progressive. Use
always, costandly, or forever in
each sentence. Say your sentence
aloud with some annoyance, impatience, or anger in your
voice.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
He messes up the kitchen.  he’s always mesing up the kitchen!
He leaves his dirty dishes on the table.  He's always leaving his
dirty dishes on the table
He borrows my clothes without asking me he's always borrows
my clothes without asking me
He brags about himself he's always braging about himself
He tries to show me that he’s smarter than I  He's always trying
to show me that He's smarter than I
He cracks his knuckles while I’m trying to study. He's always
cracking his knuckles while I'm trying to study
I like fresh air and like to have the windows open, but he closes
the windows. I'm always like fresing air and like to having the
window open, but he's always closing the windows.
Complite the following with your own
word.
A: i really don’t know if I can stand to have
sue for a roommate one more day. She’s
driving me crazy.
B: oh? What’s wrong?
A: well, for one thing she’salways
............................................
B: really?
A: and not only that. She’s forever
..........................................
B: that must be very inconvenient for you.
A: it is. And what’s more, she’s constantly
.......................................................
Can you believe that? And she’s always
.....................................................
B: i think tou’re right. You need to find a
new roommate.
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1 – 11 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
REGULAR VERBS: the simple past and past participle
end in –ed
SIMPLE
SIMPLE
PAST
PRESENT
FORM PAST
PARTICIPLE
PARTICIPLE
Hope hoped
hoped hoping
Stop stopped
stopped
stopping
Listen listened
listened listening
Study studied
studied studying
start
started
started starting
English verbs have
four pricipal parts:
(1) Simple form
(2) Simple past
(3) Past participle
(4) Present participle
IRREGULAR VERBS: the simple past and past
participle do not end in –ed
SIMPLE
SIMPLE PAST PRESENT
FORM PAST
PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE
Break broke
broken breaking
Come came
come
coming
Find
found
found
finding
Hit
hit
hit
hitting
swim swam
swum
swimming
Some verbs
irregularpast forms.
Most of the
irregular verbs in
english are given in
the follwing
alphabetical list
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AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRREGULAR
VERBS
SIMPLE SIMPLE
FORM
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
Arise
arose
Be was,were
Bear
bore
Beat
beat
Become became
Begin
began
Bend
bent
Bet
bet
Bid
bid
Bind
bound
Bite
bit
Bleed
bled
Blow
blew
Break
broke
Breed
bred
Bring
brounght
Broudcastbroudcast
Build
built
Burst
burst
Buy
bought
arisen
been
borne/born
beaten/beat
become
begun
bent
bet*
bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broudcast
built
burst
bought
Forbid
Forecast
Forget
Forgive
Forsake
Freeze
Get
Give
Go
Grind
Grow
Hang
Have
Hear
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
Keep
Know
forbade forbidden
forecastforecast
forgot
forgotten
forgave forgiven
forsook forsaken
froze
frozen
got
gotten*
gave
given
went
gone
ground ground
grew
grown
hung
hung
had
had
heard
heard
hid
hidden
hit
hit
held
held
hurt
hurt
kept
kept
knew
known
12
SIMPLE SIMPLE
FORM
PAST
Cast
Catch
Choose
Cling
Come
Cost
Creep
Cut
Deal
Dig
Do
Draw
Eat
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Fit
Flee
Fling
Fly
cast
caught
chose
clung
camo
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung
flew
PAST
PARTICIPLE
cast
caught
chosen
clung
come
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fit*
fled
flung
flown
SIMPLE
FORM
SIMPLE PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
Lay
Lead
Leave
Lend
Let
Lue
Light
Lose
Make
Mean
Meet
Mislay
Mistake
Pay
Put
Quit
Read
Rid
Ride
Ring
Rise
Run
laid
laid
led
led
left
left
lent
lent
let
let
lay
lain
lit/lightedlit/lighted
lost
lost
made
made
meant meant
met
met
mislaid mislaid
mistook mistaken
paid
paid
put
put
quit
quit*
read
read
rid
rid
rode
ridden
rang
rung
rose
risen
ran
run
13
THANK YOU
14
Terima Kasih
Yudi Anjangsana, Drs. SE. MM.