Basic Computer
Vocabulary #1
Ms. Pape-Media Design
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CPU-Central
Processing Unit;
the BRAIN of the
computer, where
all data is
processed
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Input-data put IN
to the computer
to be processed
Storage-where
data is stored.
RAM, ROM,
PROM, hard
drive (hard
disk), flash
drive, “The
Cloud”
Output-data that
has been
processed and is
sent OUT via a
monitor or printer or
other device
CPU-Central
Processing Unit
• The brain of the computer; the
CPU
CPU
main microprocessor. It is
located on the motherboard.
CPU
Motherboard
Processing Speed
• Hertz refers to computer processing speed in
cycles (operations) per second.
• Processing speed is measured in megahertz
(millions of operations per second), or
gigahertz-(billions of operations per second).
Input/Output
• Input refers
to data we put into the computer.
We use certain input devices (hardware) to
do this. Input devices include a mouse,
keyboard, CD or DVD drives, scanner and
microphone.
• Output refers to the data that the computer
has processed is sent to the user. The main
output device is the monitor. Other output
devices include the printer, and speakers.
• Input/Output devices-Some devices can be
used for both input and output. For example a
CD or DVD drive, flash drive, phone, camera,
etc...
Input Devices
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(Put data into the computer.)
mouse-a point and click device used to
select data for input
keyboard-a device that allows the user
to type letters, numbers and other
characters into the computer for
processing
microphone-a device to input sound for
processing, an instrument for converting
sound waves into electrical energy
variations, which may then be amplified,
transmitted, or recorded.
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Input
Input is data put in to the
Keyboard
computing device. Data can be Cameras
typed in, downloaded from the
Internet, or a camera, scanned,
etc...
• Common input devices include
mouse, keyboard, camera,
scanner, joystick, microphone,
etc...
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Output
Projector
• Output is data that has been
processed and comes out of a
computing device. For example,
Monitor
information displayed on the
monitor or projector, sound from
the speakers, and information
printed to paper is all output.
Some output devices are
printers, monitors, speakers,
projectors, etc...
Speakers
Printer
Output Devices
• monitor - an output device that
displays an image generated by a
computer.
• printer - a machine for printing text
or pictures onto paper, especially
one linked to a computer.
• speaker - an apparatus that
converts electrical impulses into
sound
CD’s/DVD’s
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Storage
Storage devices are used to store
information (data). Storage
devices include CD’s, DVD’s,
flash or thumb drives, memory
Memory Cards cards, the computer hard disk,
etc...
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RAM (Random Access Memory)
is temporary and dynamic. If you
don’t save your work, it will be
lost!
Permanent (you can’t change it)
storage includes ROM and
PROM.
RAM Chips
Flash or Thumb Drives
Memory
• Temporary storage for information (data),
including applications and documents. If
data is not stored to a permanent device,
such as the hard disc or CD before power
is turned off, the data will be lost. Memory
is usually measured in megabytes or
gigabytes.
Hard Drive
(hard
disk)
• Another name for the hard disk that
stores information in a computer; a
high-capacity, self-contained storage
device inside a sealed unit. This is
used to store computer applications and
files. Hard disk storage capacity is
measured in megabytes, gigabytes or
terabytes.
Binary System (also called
Base 2)
-a system of numerical notation that is
based on 2 (rather than base 10 or
decimal).
Computer data is represented in
strings of zeros or ones!
How we measure
data
• bit-the
smallestor
unit memory
of digital information;
represented by a 1 or 0. “Bit” is a word made
from combining “binary” and “digit”.
• byte-8 bits (ex. 10001110)
• kilobyte-approximately 1,000 bytes
• megabyte-approximately 1,000,000 bytes
(million bytes)
• gigabyte-approximately a billion bytes
• terabyte-a thousand gigabytes
More about storage...
· 1 Bit = Binary Digit
· 8 Bits = 1 Byte
· 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
· 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
· 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
· 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
· 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
· 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
· 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
· 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
· 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
· 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
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Vocabulary Test 1
4 Computer Systems-CPU, Input, Output, Storage
CPU - The “Brain” of the Computer, where all data is processed!
Know processing speed-”hertz”, (operations per minute) megahertz
(a million operations per second), gigahertz (a billion operations per
second)
What do we put in or take out of the computer? DATA! How do we
put data in or take it out? input and output devices (Give examples.)
Know “Storage”- What do we store? DATA! Permanent, Temporary
(RAM), and Long term
Where is data stored temporarily (while it’s being used)? In RAM.
Where do we store data long term? hard disk (hard drive), flash or
thumb drives, CD/DVD, “The Cloud”
How much do we store? bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte,
terabyte (binary units)