Rise of European Nation-states
England
England
France
Spain
William the Conqueror,
leader of the Norman
Conquest, united most of
England
Common law had its
beginnings under Henry II
King John signed the
Magna Carta, 1215
(limiting the king’s power)
Hundred Years’ War
between England &
France helped define
England as a nation
William the Conqueror
Duke of Normandy
Claimed England after his
cousin’s death (King
Edward)
Fought Harold Godwinson
(an Anglo-Saxon) who
also claimed England
Battle of Hastings 1066
William declared England
as his
William’s Possessions
Henry II
King of England 1154 - 1189
Strengthened the royal court and introduced trial by jury
Established common law
•(created by the decisions of Henry’s royal judges)
Became basis for law for U. S.
King John
Son of Henry II; became king after his brother, Richard the
Lion-Hearted died; ruled from 1199 - 1216
Taxed the people beyond reason
Forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter), 1215
- limited the king’s power; no taxation without
representation; a trial by jury; protection of law
Became basis for legal rights in England and U. S.
Can you think of any
other famous
documents that grant
rights to people?
King John signing Magna Carta
F.Y.I.
A later king (Edward I) needed to raise taxes for a war
against France;
two burgesses (wealthy property owners) from every
borough and two knights from every county were
summoned to serve as a parliament (legislative group)
Nov 1295: knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met
together at Westminster in London = Model Parliament
Over time, Parliament grew strong and provided a check
on royal power
Review
Why was the year 1066 important in England’s history?
Name two important things King Henry II did?
Why was King John forced to sign the Magna Carta?
Use the information given in purple to complete the
following diagram:
The Magna Carta
affected the average
person in that …
Effects of the
Magna Carta
on England
The Magna Carta laid
the foundation for…
The Magna Carta
affected the monarch
in that…
France
Paris
France
Hugh Capet established
the French throne in Paris
Capetian dynasty
gradually expanded
control over most of
France
The Hundred Years’ War
between England &
France helped define
France as a nation.
Joan of Arc – a unifying
factor
Hugh Capet
Led Capetian dynasty
Capetian dynasty ruled
France from 987 - 1328
Hundred Years’ War
Hundred Years’ War
Fought between
England and France
1338-1445
Resulted in victory
for France
Joan of Arc
1412-1431, French peasant
girl who heard voices of saints
urging her to help King
Charles VII drive the English
from France during the
Hundred Years’ War
Captured in battle by
Burgundians, England’s allies,
& turned her over to Church
Church accused her of being a
witch, tied her to a stake, &
burned her to death
(May 30, 1431)
Review
Which French monarch established the throne in Paris?
Name the two countries involved in the Hundred Years’
War.
Who won the Hundred Years’ War?
How did the actions of Joan of Arc affect the outcome of
the Hundred Years’ War?
List two impacts of the Hundred Years’ War?
Spain
Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella
unified Spain and
expelled Jews &
Muslim Moors
Spanish Empire in the
western hemisphere
(the Americas) expanded
under Charles V
No “moor”
religion.
Russia
Ivan the Great
Threw off the rule of the
Mongols
Centralized power in
Moscow
Expanded Russia
Power was centralized in
the hands of the tsar
The Orthodox Church
influenced unification
Review
Name the two monarchs that worked to unify Spain.
Describe the Inquisition using your own words.
Which Spanish monarch expanded Spain’s Empire?
Describe the steps Ivan the Great took to reclaim power
from Mongols and establish himself as ‘czar’ in Russia.