Unit 5A Worksheet
1) Endocrine glands secrete __________into extracellular spaces to ___________where they bind
to the receptors on ___________cells, exerting their effects. 5A 1
2) Local “hormones” cells that make short lived molecules that affects its neighbors are referred to
as____________, while cells that make short lived molecules that affect itself are referred to as
___________and are not really “______________”.5A 1
3) The functions of endocrine glands is to maintain______________, as in the chemical composition
and volume of _____________fluid, metabolism and energy____________, smooth and cardiac
muscle____________, glandular______________, the immune system, growth and___________,
reproduction, and ______________rhythm.5A 1
4) The pituitary gland or_____________, is a two lobed organ that secretes _________major
hormones. It is referred to as the “______________Gland” under the control of its ”King” the
___________________. The neurohypophysis which is the _______________pituitary gland, is
made up of __________tissue and is an extension of the _________system. It is connected to the
hypothalamus by the ____________by which it_____________, stores and _________hormones.
5) The adenohypophysis is the ______________pituitary gland which is made up of ___________
tissue and is more part of the _______________system as it synthesizes and secretes_________.
It is inhibited or stimulated by the________________. 5A 1
6) The posterior pituitary is actually part of the ____________with neural connections to the
_________________which is referred to as the ______________-________________ tract. It
is the nuclei of the hypothalamus that synthesize ____________and ___________ _______(ADH)
and these hormones are transported to the _____________pituitary to be released. 5A 2
7) The anterior pituitary gland develops as an extension of the oral ____________which means it is
derived from the __________and has no direct ___________connection with the hypothalamus. It
does have vascular connection through the _______________ __________system which is
comprised of the primary capillary plexus of the _____________-________________portal veins
and the secondary capillary plexus. 5A 2 and Text 610
8) The hypothalamus sends releasing _______________to the anterior pituitary gland which
stimulates _____________and _____________of anterior pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus
can also send _____________hormones to stop the synthesis and release of ___________as well.
9) The anterior pituitary gland secretes seven major hormones and ____of the seven are ______
hormones which stimulate other ___________glands or cells to secrete other_________. Text 610
10) Anterior pituitary hormones include the ____________hormone that is made by the _________
cells which stimulate the _________and other tissues to secrete __________-like growth factors
that stimulate growth and repair. 5A2
11) Another anterior pituitary hormone is the __________-___________ hormone (TSH) which is
made by the ______________cells and these ___________thyroid hormone production, which
control the ___________rate. Another hormone is the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which
is made by the ___________cells that control the adrenal cortex’s _____________production. 5A2
12) Also anterior pituitary hormones are ____________-stimulating hormone (FSH) which is made
by the gonadotroph cells that control _______and _______production, ___________hormone (LH)
that are also made by the ___________cells that control _______hormone production, ________
(PRL) which is made by the lactotroph cells that control __________production and finally
__________-stimulating hormone (MSH) which stimulates ____________of the epidermis. 5A2 & 3
13) The posterior pituitary gland is made of _________of the hypothalamic ________and it _____
and releases ___________as the axons travel through the _________________in the
hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract. Hormones are stored in the axon ____________of these neurons in
the posterior pituitary and when these neurons are ___________the axons release the _________
into the bloodstream, so the posterior pituitary is not an ___________gland as it is the _______
tissue releasing the_______________. 5A 3
14) The hormones that are released by the axon _____________of the posterior pituitary are
________________hormone (ADH) which influences ____________balance, preventing _______
urine formation, and ___________which stimulates ____________muscle contractions in breasts
causing _________let down and the ___________during child birth and afterwards, it also plays a
role in care-giving and ___________arousal and satisfaction. 5A 3
15) The thyroid gland is the _____________endocrine gland and has two lateral _________just
below the ____________which is connected by the ___________it is composed of small follicles or
sacs that produce ________________which is a glycoprotein that is secreted by exocytosis into
the_____________, a protein rich fluid in the follicle lumen where ___________mixes with the
thyroglobulin which becomes the precursor to _____________hormone. Other endocrine cells called
______________cells produce______________. 5A 3 and text 615
16) The body’s major metabolic hormone that controls the ________ __________Rate (BMR)
consists of two closely related ____________containing compounds T __ or thyroxine, has two
tyrosine molecules plus ________bound iodine atoms and T ___or triiodothyronine, has two
tyrosines with ___________bound iodine atoms.
17) Calcitonin is a ________hormone produced by ______________cells that lowers blood ______
levels in children as bone is ___________and is an antagonist to the __________hormone (PTH) 5A 4
18) The Parathyroid glands are ____size glands embedded in the _____________thyroid. Cells are
arranged in cords containing chief cells or _____________cells secrete _____________hormone
(PTH) which regulates blood _____________balance, by increasing calcium in the blood. The
___________ cell function is unknown. 5A 4