INDIAN NATIONAL
MOVEMENT[1919-1947]
GANDHIJI’S INITIAL TRIAL OF SATYAGRAHA IN INDIA IN THREE INSTANCES.
THE CAUSES FOR THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
WITHDRAWAL OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
POORNA SWARAJ – LAHORE SESSION OF THE CONGRESS
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
CRIPPS MISSION
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
THE FIRST 3 INSTANCES OF GANDHIJI’S
SATYAGRAHA SUCCESS
 1. CHAMPARAN DISTRICT IN BIHAR – GANDHIJI SUCCEEDED IN HIS FIGHT
THROUGH SATYAGRAHA IN GETTING THE DEMANDS OF THE INDIGO
CULTIVATORS ACCEPTED BY THE BRITISH.
 2.AHMEDABAD MILL – WORKERS IN THE TEXTILE MILL WERE SUPPORTED BY
GANDHIJI IN GETTING THEIR SALARY DUES PAID.
 3.KHEDA DISTRICT IN GUJARAT – GANDHIJI FOUGHT FOR THE PEASANTS IN
GETTING THEIR LAND REVENUE EXEMPTED AS THEY WERE UNDERGOING
CHALLENGES OF CROP FAILURE DUE TO FAMINE.
 SUCCESS N THESE 3 ATTEMPTS ENSURED GANDHIJI THAT SATYAGRAHA WAS
THE RIGHT WEAPON TO BE USED TO FIGHT THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA.
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 MAIN CAUSES –
 ROWLATT ACT
 JALLIANWALLA BAGH MASSACRE
ROWLATT ACT – CALLED AS THE BLACK
ACT
 AN ACT WAS PASSED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT ACCORDING TO WHICH
ANY INDIAN, AT ANY POINT OF TIME, DUE TO NO DEFINITE REASON,
WITHOUT ANY WARRANT COULD BE ARRESTED.
 THIS ACT BECAME HIGHLY UNPOPULAR AS THE BLACK ACT AD WAS ONE OF
THE MAIN REASONS FOR GANDHIJI LAUNCHING THE NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT.
 THE MOVEMENT WENT ON A A TOTALLY PEACEFUL, NON- VIOLENT PROTEST
AGAINST THE ATROCITIES OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT.
 PEOPLE DID NOT REACT WTH ANY KIND OF VILOENCE TO THE ATTACKS AND
ARRESTS BY THE BRITISH.
THE JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY
 INNOCENT MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN GATHERED FOR A PEACEFUL
MEETING AT THE JALLIANWALLA BAGH IN AMRITSAR ON BAISAKHI DAY – THE
SIKH HARVEST FESTIVAL.
 GENERAL DYER BROUGHT IN HIS ARMED TROOPS INTO THE GROUND AND
WITHOUT A WARNING ORDERED CONTINUOUS FIRING AT THE UNARMED
AND INNOCENT CROWD. HUNDREDS DIED INCUDING SMALL CHILDREN,
WOMEN AND AGED.
 DYER SHOWED NO REGRETS ON THE INCIDENT AND WAS ONLY SENT BACK
TO ENGLAND WITH NO SEVERE PUNISHMENT FOR HIS MERCILESS ACT.
 RABINDRANATH TAGORE CONDEMNED THIS INCIDENT AND RETURNED BACK
HIS NOBEL PRIZE AND SURRENDERED HIS TITLE OF KNOGHTHOOD GIVEN BY
THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND. GANDHIJI RETURNED BACK HIS KAISER-I-HIND
AWARD GIVEN BY THE BRITSH FOR SUPPORTING BRITAIN IN THE BOER WARS.
THE JALLIANWALLA BAGH MASSACRE BECAME
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LAUNCH OF THE NONCOOPERATION MOVEMENT
A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE
JALLIANWALLAH BAGH.
CHAURI-CHAURA INCIDENT
 THE NON-VIOLENT PROTEST IN THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
TURNED HIGHLY VIOLENT IN A PLACE CALLED CHAURI-CHAURA – UTTAR
PRADESH.
 A FEW INDIAN POLICEMEN WORKING FOR THE BRITISH ATTACKED A GROUP
PF PEACEFUL PROTESTORS AND IN RETALIATION THE PROTESTORS BURNT
DOWN THE POLICE STATION AT CHAURI-CHAURA, KILLING THE POLICEMEN.
 THIS INCIDENT MADE GANDHIJI CALL BACK THE NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT AS HE THOUGHT THAT PERHAPS THE INDIANS WERE NOT STILL
READY FO A MASS NON-VIOLENT MOVEMENT.
 GANDHIJI AND SEVERAL OTHER INDIAN LEADERS WERE ARRESTED AND THE
FIRST BIG MOVEMENT IN THE INDIAN FREEDOM CAME TO AN ABRUPT HALT.
POORNA SWARAJ – LAHORE SESSION OF
THE CONGRESS
 IN ITS SESSION AT LAHORE, IN THE YEAR 1929, THE INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS DECIDED TO CELEBRATE 26th JANUARY FRON THE NEXT YEAR,
1930, AS COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE DAY – POORNA SWARAJ DAY. IT WAS A
REFLECTION THAT INDIA WAS NOT GOING TO WAIT TO BE GRANTED
INDEPENDENCE FROM THE BRITISH EMPIRE, BUT SHALL CLAIM ITSELF TO BE
ALREADY INDEPENDENT. ON THE CALL OF GANDHIJI, THE INDIAN MASSES
CAME FORTH IN PROTEST AGAINST THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE.
 AS THE NAME SUGGESTS, THE IDEA WAS TO SHOW TOTAL DISOBEDIENCE TO
THE BRITISH BY NOT ACCEPTING ANY OF THEIR LAWS AND POLICIES.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
 THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT WAS LAUNCHED BY GANDHIJI WITH THE SALT
SATYAGRAHA.
THIS WAS DONE WITH A SYMBOLIC MARCH LED BY GANDHIJI FROM SABARMATI
ASHRAM TO DANDI ON THE COAST OF GUJARAT.
ON REACHING THE COAST, GANDHIJI PUCKED UP A HANDFUL OF SALT AND BROKE THE
LAW IMPOSED ON RESTRICTION OF PRODUCTION AND SALE OF SALT BY INDIANS. A
HEAVY TAX WAS LEVIED ON SALT. THIS ACT WAS VERY MUCH SIMILAR TO THE TAX
LEVIED ON TEA IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION TIME BY THE BRITISH. SALT WAS THE
LEAST LUXURY AFFORDABLE BY THE POOR AND THAT TOO WAS LEVIED WITH A HEAVY
TAX.
WITH THE SALT SATYAGRAHA GANDHIJI GAVE HIS COMMAND TO ALL INDIANS TO
BOYCOTT EVERYTHING BRITISH. THE MOVEMENT THOUGH RAMPANT WAS
PREDOMINANTLY NON-VIOLENT AS ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS OF GANDHIJI.
CRIPPS MISSION
THE BRITISH NEEDED INDIA’S SUPPORT IN THE WORLD WAR AND HENCE TO PACIFY THE INDIAN
LEADERS TO DO SO, AGREED TO OFFER A DOMINION STATUS TO INDIA. THIS MEANT THAT
INDIA COULD FORM ITS OWN GOVERNMENT AND RUN ITS ADMINISTRATION BUT STILL BE
HOWEVER UNDER THE CONTROLOF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. THIS PROPOSAL WAS OFFERED BY A
MISSION LED BY SIR STAFFORD CRIPPS. INDIA REJECTED IT CLAIMING THAT IT WANTED
NOTHING LESS THAN COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE.
CRIPPS WITH GANDHI
STAFFORD CRIPPS – HIS
MISSION WITH THE OFFER OF
DOMINION STATUS TO INDIA
WAS REJECTED BY GANDHIJI
AND THE OTHER INDIAN
LEADERS.
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
WITH THE FAILURE OF THE CRIPPS MISSION GANDHIJI GAVE A CALL FOR THE MOST EXTENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE
INDIAN FREEDOM MOVEMENT – THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT. HIS SLOGAN ‘ DO OR DIE’ BECAME THE MANTRA
OF ALL INDIANS AND THE BRITISH WERE FORCED TO DECIDE ON GIVING INDIA ITS INDEPENDENCE FINALLY ON
THE 15th OF AUGUST, 1947, THOUGH ONLY AFTER THE MUSLIM LEAGUE GOT ITS MOST SOUGHT AFTER
PAKISTAN AS A SEPARATE NATION FOR THE MUSLIMS.