11 THEMES OF AP
BIOLOGY
“Hooks” to hang info upon
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
1) Scientific
Inquiry
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
2) Evolution
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
3) Energy
Transfer
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
4) Unity
and
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
5) Relationship of
Structure to
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
6) Regulation
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
7) Interaction
w/ the
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
8) Science,
Technology, &
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
9) The
Cell
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
10) Heritable
Information
11 THEMES OF
AP BIOLOGY
(hooks to hang info upon)
11) Emergent
Properties
Hierarchy of
Organization
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue--> organ-->
system-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue--> organ-->
system--> organism-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue--> organ-->
system--> organism-->
population-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue--> organ-->
system--> organism-->
population--> Community-->
Hierarchy of
Organization
atom--> molecule--> organelle
--> cell--> tissue--> organ-->
system--> organism-->
population--> Community-->
ECOSYSTEM ->BIOSPHERE
Hierarchy of
Organization
emergent properties
Each step up,
emerg
Each step up, novel
properties emerge
emergent
Each step up, novel
properties emerge that
were not present
emergent prop
Each step up, novel
properties emerge that
were not present at the
simpler level below.
emergent properties
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order-
Basic Unit of Life:
CELLS)
History of cell discovery -
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic -
- characteristics:
found in:
characteristics:
found in.
Basic Unit of Life:
CELLS (overhead)
History of cell discovery -pg.4&6
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic -
- characteristics:
found in:
characteristics:
found in.
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Reproduction Capabilities-
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Ability to Reproduce-
3. Growth & Development-
Continuity for ALL life = DNA
•4 nucleotides•gene•same genetic code
•different sequences
differences among
organisms
=
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Ability to Reproduce-
3. Growth & Development (DNA)4. Energy Processing-
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Ability to Reproduce-
3. Growth & Development (DNA)4. Energy Utilization5. Response to Environment-
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Ability to Reproduce-
3. Growth & Development (DNA)4. Energy Utilization5. Response to Environment6. Evolutionary Adaptation-
Characteristics of Life:
1. Order2. Ability to Reproduce3. Growth & Development (DNA)4. Energy Utilization-
5. Response to Environment6. Evolutionary Adaptation-
7. Regulation-
Regulatory Mechanisms
ensure balance in Life
Regulatory Mechanisms
Negative feedback- accumulation of
product inhibits an enzyme in the
production sequence of product
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Regulatory
Mechanisms
Positive feedback- accumulation of
product enhances an enzyme
increasing production of product.
Platletes aggregate @ cut, chemicals
Regulatory
Mechanisms
released by platletes
attract MORE
platletes
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
EVOLUTION, UNITY, DIVERSITY
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE
THEME
•Species change over time
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE
THEME
•Species change over time
•Populations have potential
to produce more offspring
than can be supported.
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE
THEME
•Species change over time
•Populations have potential
to produce more offspring
than can be supported.
•Natural selection
EVOLUTION IS THE CORE
THEME
Similar species share a
common ancestor on
phylogenic tree
•All life connected and traced
back to prokaryotes
EVOLUTION, UNITY, DIVERSITY
Diversity of all life TaxonomyUnity of all lifecell structure, DNA,
metabolic pathways
Scientific Processes
1. Asking a question
John Endler Univ of Cal - why is there a significant difference in
populations of guppies regarding average age and size @ sexual
maturity?
Scientific Processes
2. Hypothesis testable, tentative
explanation for what we
observe.
Could it be the predator
which preys predominately
on the population?
Scientific Processes
3. Prediction - if/then (If the
hypothesis is true, then the
results of the experiment will
be…)
IF, guppies from Pike-Cichlid
pools are introduced to new
pools th,at contain only
killifish THEN, the average
age and size at maturity will be
heavierand older than
nontransplanted individuals
Scientific Processes
4. Testing the validity of the
hypothesis
Control Group - the group not moved
Experimental Group - the group that was
moved to the pool with only killifish, and
no guppies
Scientific Processes
5. Conclusion