This webinar is brought to you by
Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc., a nonprofit,
registered charitable organization devoted to public legal
education and community advocacy training.
This webinar is facilitated by Your Legal Rights, a website of
legal information for community workers and advocates who
work with low income and disadvantaged communities in
Ontario.
Funding for this webinar was provided by the Law
Foundation of Ontario as part of The Connecting Project
and the Connecting Communities Consortium.
www.communitylawschool.org
www.yourlegalrights.on.ca
www.lawfoundation.on.ca
Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Please Note:
The content of this webinar is based on law that
was current on the date the webinar was
recorded. Your Legal Rights webinars contain
general legal information. They are not intended to
be used as legal advice for a specific legal problem.
For more information on how to find a lawyer or
to contact your local community legal clinic visit:
www.yourlegalrights.on.ca/find-services
Your Legal Rights is a project of CLEO and funded by the Law Foundation of Ontario.
About our presenter…
Margaret Capes, B.A. (Hons.), LL.B., M.Ad.Ed, is Legal
Education Coordinator of Community Law School (SarniaLambton) Inc. She also acts as Review Counsel for
Community Legal Services, as an adjunct professor in the
clinical law program, and as faculty advisor for Pro Bono
Students Canada and the Dispute Resolution Centre, all at
the Faculty of Law, University of Western Ontario. She is the
former Executive Director of Community Legal Assistance
Sarnia.
Hot Topics in
Consumer Protection:
Telephone and Mail
Agreements
Webinar Overview
1.
2.
3.
What is a “remote agreement” under the Consumer Protection Act,
2002?
Rights under the Consumer Protection Act, 2002
a)
Right to be Free from Unfair Business Practices
b)
Rights before entering into the Remote Agreement
c)
Rights Regarding the Remote Agreement
d)
Warranties and Quality of Work
Enforcement of Rights under the Consumer Protection Act, 2002
a)
Rescission/Cancellation
b)
Complaint to the Ministry
c)
Civil Lawsuits
Appendix A: Resources
Appendix B: Detailed List of Unfair Practices under the Consumer Protection
Act, 2002
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
What is a Remote Agreement?
 A remote agreement is:



An agreement made for good or services, the cost of which is over $50
(excluding the cost of borrowing);
where one party is in Ontario at the time of the transaction; and
where the buyer and the seller are not together at the time of the agreement (s.
20 (1) CPA; s. 2 CPA;s.44 CPA; s. 36 O.Reg. 17/05).
 Common examples of remote agreements are contracts made over the
telephone, or through the mail.
 Remote agreements are not “internet” agreements, as internet
agreements are separately covered under the CPA.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Right to be
free from
Unfair
Practices
Rights
Regarding
Warranties
and
Quality of
Work
Rights under
the
Consumer
Protection
Act, 2002
Rights
Before
Entering
Into the
Remote
Agreement
Rights
Regarding
the Remote
Agreement
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Right to be Free from Unfair Practices:
What are “Unfair Practices”?
Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2002 (CPA), all agreements must be free from
unfair practices on the part of the vendor.
What are “unfair practices”? The CPA specifically prohibits two types of unfair
practices:
Making a false, misleading, or deceptive representation (s. 14, CPA), and
Making an unconscionable representation (s. 15, CPA).
The CPA also prohibits a person from retaining custody or control of goods in order to
force a consumer into renegotiating the terms of the agreement (s. 16, CPA).
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Right to be Free from Unfair Practices:
What are “False, Misleading, or Deceptive
Representations?
False, misleading, and deceptive representations generally fall into four categories:
Representations as to the quality, characteristics, condition, or “special” nature of
the goods or services;
The current or future availability of the goods or services;
The need for the goods or service; and
The cost, price advantage, or benefit of the good or service to the consumer.
A detailed description of what constitutes “false, misleading, and deceptive
representations” can be found in Appendix B.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Right to be Free from Unfair Practices: What are
“unconscionable representations” under the CPA?
Some business practices are so egregious that they are deemed unconscionable
under the CPA. They include:
 Taking advantage of the disability, ignorance, language barriers, or
illiteracy of the consumer;
 Grossly overcharging for the good or service;
 Using excessively one-sided or otherwise inequitable contracts to the
detriment of the consumer;
 Obligations that the consumer has no reasonable probability of paying
in full;
 Misleading statements of opinion that the consumer relies on or is
likely to rely on, to their detriment; and
 Using pressure tactics to persuade the consumer to enter into the
transaction.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Example: Unfair Practices
Nothing But Gutterballs
Ernie Swan is an elderly man who still lives in his own home in Fairview, Ontario. Ernie is generally in
good health, although it is apparent after even a short conversation with him that Ernie suffers with some
mental impairments caused by early onset dementia. When a salesperson from Gutterman Guys called one
day to explain that they would be in the neighborhood and could inspect Ernie’s gutters at no charge, Ernie
took him up on the inspection offer.
When Gilbert Gutterman arrived the next day, he didn’t look at the gutters, but did ask for and got Ernie’s
okay to inspect the ventilation system. When Gilbert telephoned the following day, he convinced Ernie that
not only did his gutters need cleaning, his ventilation system did as well. When Ernie asked several times
Gilbert to repeat and explain the problems with his gutters Gilbert simply persisted in his assurance that
needed cleaning, which Gutterman would do for the low price of $2,000. Ernie finally agreed, and Gilbert
picked up the $2,000 cheque later that day. When Ernie’s daughter heard about this, she asked him to show
her the contract for the cleaning services. Ernie told her that he never received a contract. A second
inspection of both the gutters and the ventilation system by a different contractor revealed that neither
actually needed cleaning.
Did Gutternman engage in any unfair practices in this case? In what way(s)?
Did Gutterman engage in any unconscionable representations? In what way(s)?
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Before Entering into the Remote Agreement: Information
to be Provided and Method of Delivery
Buyers must be provided with certain information by sellers BEFORE the agreement is
signed (s. 37(1), CPA; O.Reg. 17/05).
This information can be provided orally or in writing, and the seller can refer the buyer
to a preexisting publication (for example at a website or in a brochure) for this information
(s. 37(2), CPA; O.Reg. 17/05).
The buyer MUST be given the opportunity to accept or decline these terms, and the
ability to correct errors, BEFORE the agreement is signed (s.38, CPA; O.Reg. 17/05).
The information that must be disclosed is very specific and includes the following:
The name of the supplier and, if different, the name under which the supplier carries on
business;
The telephone number of the supplier and, if the consumer is required to deal with the supplier
at particular premises, the address of that premises;
A fair and accurate description of the goods and services to be supplied to the consumer,
including any technical requirements related to the use of the goods or services.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Before Entering into the Remote Agreement: Information
to be Provided and Method of Delivery, Cont.
An itemized list of the prices at which the goods and services are to be supplied to the consumer,
including taxes and shipping charges.
A description of each additional charge that applies or may apply, such as customs duties or
brokerage fees, and the amount of the charge (if the supplier can reasonably determine it).
The total amount that the supplier knows will be payable by the consumer under the agreement, or if
the goods and services are to be supplied during an indefinite period, the amount and frequency of
periodic payments.
The terms and methods of payment.
As applicable, the date or dates on which delivery, commencement of performance, ongoing
performance , and completion of performance will occur.
For goods and services that will be delivered:
the place to which they will be delivered, and
if the supplier uses a specific manner of delivery and intends to charge the consumer for
delivery, the manner in which the goods and services will be delivered, including the name of the
carrier (if any) and the method of transportation to be used.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Before Entering into the Remote Agreement: Information
to be Provided and Method of Delivery, Cont.
For services that will be performed, the place where they will be performed, the person for whom
they will be performed, the supplier’s method of performing them and, if the supplier holds out that a
specific person other than the supplier will perform any of the services on the supplier’s behalf, the name
of that person.
Any rights that the supplier agrees the consumer will have in addition to their rights under the CPA,
and any obligations by which the supplier agrees to be bound in addition to its obligations under the
CPA, with regard to cancellations, returns, exchanges ,and refunds.
If the agreement is to include a trade-in arrangement, a description of the trade-in arrangement and
the amount of the trade-in allowance.
The currency in which amounts are expressed, if it is not Canadian currency.
Any other restrictions, limitations and conditions that will be imposed by the supplier
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Example: Rights Before Entering into the Remote Agreement
Big Dog Satellite Radio Runaround
Leng, who lives in Fjordville, Ontario, recently purchased a new vehicle which came with a 3-month free,
promotional subscription to Big Dog Satellite Radio. Leng really enjoyed the many channels, especially
“Guitar Greats”. As the free promotion neared its end, she began receiving materials in the mail and
telephone calls from Big Dog about purchasing a subscription. Since she really enjoyed the tunes, Leng
decided to take their call after supper one night and discuss her options.
She was advised there was 6 month, 1 year, and lifetime pricing available. Leng considered her budget and
decided upon a one-year subscription at $149.99. The salesperson took Leng’s Visa information and
advised her how to activate the subscription. When Leng asked if there was any other paperwork, the Big
Dog representative said there was not, but to call if she had any questions.
Within 3 days, Leng started to have buyer’s remorse. She just started a new job and really did not have the
funds to pay for the satellite service. She called the 1-800 number for Big Dog and was only able to leave a
message about her decision. After a month, Leng wondered why she was still receiving the satellite
service. She called Big Dog and a customer service representative advised her that the year subscription had
been charged to her Visa and that was why she continued to have the service. They refused to cancel the
service without a termination fee.
Does the contract with Big Dog meet the requirements of the CPA? How is it defective?
Did Leng receive all of the information to which she is entitled under the CPA? What is missing?
May Big Dog charge Leng a termination fee under these circumstances?
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Regarding the Remote Agreement:
Timing and Manner
Timing:
A copy of the remote agreement must be delivered to the buyer.
The copy of the agreement must be delivered to the buyer at the earliest of:
30 days after the good or service is provided, or
Within 60 days of the entering into the agreement (s.46(1) CPA; s. 39(1) O.Reg. 17/05).
Manner:
The remote agreement must be provided in such a way that the buyer can save or print a
copy if sent by email.
The allowable methods of delivery are:
By email
By fax
By mail
By personal delivery
(s. 46(3) CPA; s. 39(3) O.Reg. 17/05).
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Regarding the Remote Agreement:
Content
The remote agreement must have very specific information included for it to be valid
under the CPA.
The required information includes ALL of the terms outlined in the pre-agreement
disclosure discussed earlier, as well as:
The seller’s telephone numbers, address where the sellers conducts business, fax
number, email address;
The name of the buyer; and
The date of the agreement.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Rights Regarding the Remote Agreement:
Warranties and Quality of Work
The seller is deemed to warrant that the services or good to be provided are
of reasonably acceptable quality (s. 9(1) CPA).
This applies to goods or services purchased through the mail and over the
telephone.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Example: Rights Regarding the Remote Agreement
Magazine Madness
Stew Fusburn is an avid magazine reader. While Stew reading an article on GPS chips in whales at his
dentist’s office, a card dropped from the People’s Geographic. The card asked for basic information about
his address, telephone number, email, Visa number , as well as his signature. The card also promised a
subscription price that was half the newsstand price. It stated People’s Geographic was published monthly
at its head office in Harrowsmith, Ontario.
Stew decided to take the plunge and mailed the card for a 12-month subscription in early April. Stew did
not receive or sign any other documents related to the subscription, but his Visa was billed on April 25. The
May edition arrived on time, but June and July were over a month late. Stew called People’s Geographic,
who assured him that Canada Post was to blame for the delivery problems.
By September, Stew began to receive the magazine in a timely fashion and he thoroughly enjoyed the
articles. In December, the magazine stopped arriving altogether. Stew’s calls to the People’s Geographic
were not returned, but the company website was up to date and it appeared they were still publishing other
magazines. Stew paid nearly $100 for the subscription but now deeply regrets that decision.
In what ways does the subscription “agreement” fail to comply with the CPA?
Did People’s Geographic meet its warranty and quality requirements under the CPA?
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Enforcement of Rights under the CPA:
Rescission/Cancellation
Under the CPA (s. 18), a consumer may rescind any agreement entered into while the other party
engaged in an unfair business practice under the Act.
If rescinded, the agreement and all related agreements, guarantees, and payment security are
cancelled as if they never existed.
Notice of rescission must be given within one year after entering into the agreement.
If information is not disclosed in whole or in part in the manner required by the CPA, the buyer may
cancel the agreement up to 7 days after receiving a copy of the agreement.
If the remote agreement is not delivered on time and/or not delivered by an approved method and/or
does not include all the required terms, the buyer can cancel the agreement within one year of entering the
agreement (s. 47(2) CPA).
Rescission and/or cancellation should be done in writing, and the consumer should keep a copy of
the cancellation for their records.
Any goods received by the buyer prior to cancellation should be within 15 days of the cancellation (s.
96(1) CPA; s. 81(2) O.Reg. 17/05).
The seller has 15 days from the cancellation date to return funds to the buyer (s. 96(1) CPA; s. 81(2)
O.Reg. 17/05).
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Enforcement of Rights under the CPA:
Complaint to the Ministry
If the rescission or cancellation of the remote agreement does not resolve the matter with the
seller, the buyer may file a complaint with the Ministry of Consumer Services (s. 105, CPA).
As private lawsuits are expensive (in terms of time, money. and certainty of result), a
consumer may want to first file a complaint with the Ministry of Consumer Services to see if
that results in acceptable redress for the consumer.
Online complaint forms are available on the Ministry’s website: www.sse.gov.on.ca/mcs.
The Ministry has broad investigative and remedial powers.
The Ministry may order the seller to comply with the provisions of the Consumer Protection
Act, 2002.
The Ministry may also bring charges in Provincial Offences Court.
The Provincial Offences Court may, upon conviction, impose upon an individual a fine of up
to $50,000, or imprisonment for a term of not more than two years less a day, or both.
A corporation that is convicted may be fined up to $250,000.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Enforcement of Rights under the CPA:
Civil Lawsuits
Civil Lawsuits: Breaches of the Consumer Protection Act and Warranty Issues
(ss. 6,7, 18(8), CPA).
The CPA allows for lawsuits for breach of contract .
If damages can be proven as a result of breaches of the CPA, then the buyer can take the
seller to Small Claims or Superior Court.
Additionally, given the warranty provisions in the CPA, it is possible a tort claim could be
launched if the work is substandard and damages can be proven.
The limitation period for starting a claim is 2 years from the date the breach was discovered
under the Limitation Act, 2002
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Appendix A: Resources and Contact Information
Ministry of Consumer Services
Consumer Protection Branch
5775 Yonge Street, Suite 1500
Toronto, ON M7A 2E5
Phone
416-326-8800 or 1-800-889-9768
Website:
www.sse.gov.on.ca/mcs
Email: consumer@ontario.ca
Ministry of Consumer Services website on Cancelling a Contract under the Consumer Protection
Act : http://www.sse.gov.on.ca/mcs/en/Pages/Cancel_a_Contract.aspx
Ministry of Consumer Services Complaint Form :
http://www.sse.gov.on.ca/mcs/Documents/stel02_046670.pdf
Small Claims Court
To pursue a claim before the Small Claims Court it is important to review the Small Claims Court
information and forms at the Ministry of Attorney General website:
http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/courts/scc
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Appendix B: Examples of “false, misleading and deceptive
representations” (s. 14(2), CPA)
The CPA includes the following as examples of false, misleading, or deceptive representations:
 That the goods or services have sponsorship, approval, performance characteristics,
accessories, uses, ingredients, benefits, or qualities that they do not have;
 That the person supplying the goods or services has sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation
or connection that the person does not have;
 That the goods or services are of a particular standards, quality, grade, style, or model, if they
are not;
 That the goods are new, or unused, if they are not or are reconditioned or reclaimed;
 That the goods have been used to an extent that is materially different from the fact;
 That the goods or services are available for a reason that does not exist;
 That the goods or services have been supplied in accordance with a previous representation, if
they have not;
 That the goods or services, or any part thereof, are available when the person making the
representation knows or should know that they are not;
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
Appendix B: Examples of “false, misleading and deceptive
representations” (s. 14(2), CPA), Cont.
 That the goods or services, or any part thereof, will be available by a specified time when the
person making the representation knows or should know that they will not be available by that
time;
 That a service, part, replacement or repair is needed or advisable, if it is not;
 That a specific price advantage exists, when it does not;
 That misrepresents the authority of a salesperson, representative, employee, or agent to
negotiate the final terms of the agreement;
 That the transaction involves or does not involve rights, remedies, or obligations if the
representation is false, misleading, or deceptive;
 That misrepresents the purpose or intent of any solicitation of, or communication with, a
consumer;
 That misrepresent the purpose of any charge or proposed charge; or
 That misrepresents or exaggerates the benefits that are likely to flow to a consumer if they
help a person obtain new or potential customers.
2012, Community Law School (Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.
This webinar was brought to you by Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc. and Your Legal Rights with funding
from the Law Foundation of Ontario.
For more information about consumer issues visit the Consumer Law
section of Your Legal Rights at www.yourlegalrights.on.ca.
For more public legal information webinars, including webinars on
other consumer protection topics, visit:
www.yourlegalrights.on.ca/training.
For information about other consumer issues, social welfare laws,
and community advocacy training visit the Community Law School
website at www.communitylawchool.org.
Community Law School
(Sarnia-Lambton) Inc.