Aim: What is the structure of Nucleic Acids?
Do Now: List 4 things you observe in the molecule below
How do nucleic acids differ from lipids, carbs, and aminoacids?
1. Identify and circle a nucleotide in the above picture.
What is a nucleotide?
2. What kind of molecules is a nucleotide? (Organic or inorganic)
Organic molecule
3. How do you know:
a. Carbohydrate (sugar): Ribose or Deoxyribose
b. Phosphate group
c. Nitrogenous base
4. What are the THREE common parts of a nucleotide.
a. It is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
b. Carbon is the main element
c. It is a large and complex molecule
It has a chain of carbons
Aim: Understand the structure of DNA
Do Now: List 4 things you learned about DNA
5. What is the ONE part of a nucleotide that differs among the four DIFFERENT
nucleotides?
Nitrogenous base
6. List the FOUR different kinds of nitrogen bases.
a Adenine (A)
b Guanine (G)
c
Cytosine (C)
d Thymine (T)
6. Explain WHERE the nucleotide molecules connect to each other.
Phosphate group connects with ribose (sugar)
Nitrogen base connects with nitrogen base
7. Label PHOSPHATE GROUP, SUGAR,
NITROGEN BASE on the right diagram.
Nitrogen
base
Phosphate
group
Ribose
There are four kind of nitrogenous bases:
CYTOSINE (C), GUANINE (G), THYMINE (T), ADENINE (A)
A real DNA molecule consists of THOUSAND of pairs of nucleotides.
8. What is the pairing arrangement of nitrogen bases?
Thymine
Adenine
______________________ pairs with ______________________________
Guanine
Cytosine
and __________________
pairs with _______________________________
DNA structure of double helix
•Nucleic acids are macromolecules (big molecules) containing
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous.
•Nucleic acids are made of basic units called nucleotides.
•Nucleotides consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
•Individual nucleotides can be joined by covalent bonds to form
a nucleic acid.
•The structure of DNA is a double helix
•Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic,
information.
•Nucleic acids are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
•There are two kinds of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid (RNA)
and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
•As the name indicates, RNA contains the sugar ribose and
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
DNA’s Double helix structure was discovered in 1953 by Dr. Watson & Crick.
9. Scientists abbreviate the nitrogen bases by using the first letter of each base. So,
Cytosine
A always binds to _____________
Guanine always binds to ______________________
T
Guanine
C
G always binds to _____________
Cytosine always binds to ______________________
G
C always binds to _____________
Thymine always binds to ______________________
Adenine
A
T always binds to _____________
Adenine always binds to ______________________
Thymine
11. Pair the missing bases on the DNA molecules.
a) A – T – A – A – G – C – T – A - G
__________________________________
T – A- T – T – C – G – A – T - C
b) C – C – G – T – A – A – C – G – A
__________________________________
G–G–C–A–T–T–G–C-T
c) A – T – A – C – T – A – G – C – A
T–A -T–G–A–T–C–G-T
__________________________________
d) G – C – T – A – C - A - G – A – C
__________________________________
G – G - A – T – G –T – C – T - G
10. What is the function of DNA?
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information
12. What is the structure of DNA?
The structure of DNA is a double helix
a. Nucleic acids are compounds that contains the following elements: Hydrogen, Oxygen,
___________________________________________________________________________
Carbon,
Nitrogen, Phosphorous
b) DNA stands for _______________________________________________________
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
and RNA stands for ___________________________________________________
Ribo Nucleic Acid
c. These substances were first found in the part of the cell called ________________________
Nucleus
Double helix
d. The structure of the DNA molecule is ____________________________________________
reproduction
e. DNA is the ______________
hereditary material that is passed on from one generation to the next during _________________________
Control
direct
f. DNA and RNA _______________
and ___________________
the development and activities of all the cells in an organism.
nucleotides
g. The DNA molecule is a long chain of repeated units, called __________________________
sugar , bonded to a __________________________
Phosphate group and a __________________________
nitrogen base
h. Each nucleotide consists of a __________
4 different nitrogenous bases in a DNA
j. There are only ______
Thymine, cytosine, adenine,
guanine And their symbols are________________
T, C, A, G
k. They nitrogenous bases are ___________________________
__________________.
Thymine
Adenine
_______________ (nitrogenous base) is always bonded to a _________________
(nitrogenous base)
Guanine
Cytosine
_______________ (nitrogenous base) is always bonded to a _________________ (nitrogenous base)
ladder
m. The shape of a the DNA molecule resembles the shape of a _______________
the sides of the ladder are made up of
Sugar
phosphate
group
nitrogen base
__________ and ____________________________ and the rungs are made up of ______________________
3 billions pairs of these bases
n. A single DNA molecule may have as many as __________________
code
o. The sequence of bases acts as a ____________
that determines what proteins will be made in the cells.