Which pain reliever dissolves in simulated
gastric fluid the fastest?
Paty Handal Ancer
#8
María Elena Ortiz W.
Daniel Neira Nieto
#10
February, 25,2010
Ma. Jose Sepulveda
#15
Sierra Madre Institute
Antonio Arellano Murillo
#2
Written Report
Index
web of ideas....................................................................pg1
abstract............................................................................pg2
introduction.....................................................................pg3
body.................................................................................pg4-7
conclusion........................................................................pg8
bibliography.....................................................................pg9
task of description.............................................................pg10
Web of ideas
Hypothesis:our
hypothesis was
that the
analgesics with
thinner layer will
dislove faster
with the gastric
fluids, that the
ones with thick
layer
Which pain
reliever disolves
in simulated
gastric fluid the
fastest.
Digestive
system
Putpose: our
purpose is to
determine which
analgesic is
dissolved in the
shortest time,
simulated gastric
fluids.
We are going to
simulate a
stomach in a
contaoner, and
put some acid to
act as if they
were the gastric
fluids.then we
will put some
painkilers and
fats, and we will
see which
dissolved at first.
1
The abstract
Analgesic is any pain reliever that does not cause unconsciousness. Our types of
analgesics are aspirin, acetaminophen, naproxen, and ibuprophen. The first of this
pain relievers used was aspirin, being first used in the Stone Age. The latest of one
of these being used is ibuprophen approved in the 1960s.each of this pain
reliever’s work by blocking the formation of prostaglonoline hormone like chemicals
found throughout the body.
2
introduction
Many people get pains such as headaches, colds, flu, cramps, backaches, dental
pain, arthritis muscle pain, menstrual pain, structional muscle pain, and fevers.
Chances are these people will take aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen sodium or
acetaminophen. Americans consume more than 80 billion doses of these drugs in
a year.
3
Body
Analgesic
An analgesic is any kind of member of the group of drugs used to relieve pain, also
called painkiller. This analgesics act in various ways on the peripheral and central
nervous systems: they include paracetamol ( also known as acetaminophen), the
non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs such as alicylates, and opioidsuch as
morphine and tramadol.
Major classes of analgesics
Paracetamol. The exact action of paracetamol (acetaminophen) is uncertain, but it
shows to be acting centrally in all the human body.pracetamol has few side effects
and it’s regarded as safe, although exess can lead to fatal kidney and liver
problems from the paracetamol nephropathy and paracetamol hepatotocity,
respectively. This can go to peptic ulsers, renal failure, allergic reactions, and
occacionaly hearing loss, and they can increase the risk of hemortage by affecting
platelet function. The unse of aspirin in children under sixteen suffering from viral
illness may contribute to Reye syndrome,
In patients with with cronic or neuropathic pain, various other substances may have
analgesic properties. Some have been shown to improve pain in what appears to
be a central manner. Nefopan is used in Europe for pain relief with concurrent
opioids. The exact mechanism is similarly unclear, but these anticonvulsants are
used to treat neuropathic pain with differing degrees of success. Anticonvulsants
are most commonly used for neuropathic pain, as their mechanism of action tends
to decrease the firing of specific nerve system.
Combinations
Analgesics are frequently used in combination, such as the paracetamol and
codeine preparations found in many nn-prescription painrelievers. They can also
be found in combinations with vasoconstrictor drugs such as pseudoephedrine for
sinus related preparations, or with antihistamine drugs for allergy sufferes. The
use of paracetamol, as well as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and other NSAIDS
concurrently with weak to mid- rranged opiates has been shown which in some
cases, is the cause in part by infalamtion, it is generally recommended that the two
be prescripted together.
4
Gastric Juice
Gastric juice is a strong acidic liquid, which is close to being colorless. The
hormones gastrin is released into the bloodstream when peptides are detected in
the stomach. This gastric glands in the lining of the stomach to secrete gastric
juice. Its components are digestive enzymes pepsin and rennin, hydrochloric acid
and mucus.
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly
corrosive, strong mineral acid and has major industrial uses. It is found naturally in
gastric acid.
Historically called muriatic acid or spirit of salt, this acid was produced from vitriol
and common salt. It was used as alchemist in the quest of the philosofer’s stone,
and later used by European scientists, during th middle ages.
With major production starting in the industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used
in the chemical reagent in the large scale applications, it has numerious smaller
scale applications, including, household cleaning, productions of gelatin, and othe
food additives, descaling, and leather prossessing. About twentymillion metric tons
of hydrochloric acid are produced annually.
The physical properties of hydrochloric acid, such as boiling and melting points,
density and pH depends on the concentrationor morality of HCI in the acid solution.
They range from those of water at very low concentrations approaching 0% HCI to
values for fuming hydrochloric acid at over 400%.
Hydrichloric acid is prepared by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. Hydrogen
chloride can be generated in many ways, and several precursors to hydroclloric
acid exist. The large scale production of hydrochloric acid is almost always
integrated with the industrial scale production of other chemicals.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug originally marketed as Brufen,
and since then under various other trademarkets, most notably Nurofen, Advil and
motrin. It is used for relief of syntoms of arthritis, fever, and as an analgesic,
especially, where there is an inflammatory component. Ibuprofen is known to have
an antiplatelete effect, though it is relatively mild and short lived when compared
with that of the apirin or other better known antiplatelete drugs.
5
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen ins a core medicine in the World Health Organization’s “Essential Drugs
List”, which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system.
Ibuprofen appears to have the lowest incindence of gastro intestinal adverse drug
reactions af all the non- selected NSAIDs. However this only holds true at lower
dosis of ibuprofen, so the over-the-counter. Preparations of ibuprofen are generallt
labeled to advise a maximum daily dose of 1200mg.
Common adverse effects include: nausea, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal
ulceration/bleeding, raized liver enzymnes, diarrhea, constipation, epistaxis,
hadeache, sizziness, pirapism, rash, salt and fluid retention, and hypertension.
Infrequent adverse effects include esophageal ulceration, heart failure,
hyperc¿kalemia, renal impairment, confusion, and bronchospasm.
Along with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen has been reported to be a photosensitizing
agent. How ever , this is only rarely occurring with ibuprofen and it is considered to
be a very weak photosentiesising agent when compared with other members of the
acid class. This is because the ibuprofen molecule contains only a single phenyl
moiety and no bond conjugation, resulting in a very weak chromophore system
and a very weak absortion aoectrum which does not reach into the solar spectrum.
Along with several other NSAIDs, ibuprofen has been implicated in implicating the
risk of myocardial infarctin (heart attack), particularly among those chronically
using high doses.
Diclofenac
Diclofenac is a non- steroidal anti-inflamatory drugtaken to reduce inflamationand
as an analgesic reducing pain in conditions such as arthritis or acute injury. It can
also be used to reduce menstrual pain, dysmenorrheal. The name is derived from
its chemical name.
In the united kingdom, india, and the united states, it may be supplied as either the
sodium or potassium salt, un China most often as the sodium salt, while in some
other countries only as the potassium salt.Diclofenac is available as a generic drug
in a number of formulations. Over the counter use is aproaved in some countries
for minor aches and pains and fever associated with common infections.
Diclofenac originated from Ciba-Geigy in 1973. Diclofenac was first introduced in
the UK in 1979.
6
Conclusion
The conclusion is that the uncoated aspirin dissolved faster than waxy coated pain
relievers. Uncoated aspirin is the safest and most effective of the aspirins.
7
Bibliography
www.wikipedia.org
maravillas de la biología segundo grado
www.gelah.k12/SOAR/Sci proj 2001/Vanessa w.html
8
Tasks of description
-
-
-
-
Paty Handal Ancer: Paty did the format of all the reports from the group,
was in charge of types of papers and did corrections. Also helped to
dissolve the analgesics in the acid and take notes. And the grafics
Daniel Neira Nieto: Daniel did the background from the display and pasted
all the information together. Also helped to dissolve the analgesics in the
acid and take notes.
Ma. Jose Sepulveda: Ma.Jose was in charge of printing the reports and the
information for the display. Also helped to dissolve the analgesics in the acid
and take notes.
Antonio Arellano Murillo: Tony helped get all the information from the rough
copy to computes. Did the subtitles of the display and helped to paste the
information to the display. Also helped to dissolve the analgesics in the acid
and take notes.
9