Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Depicted evil side of slavery
to the public
“Uncle Tom”
“Simon Legree”
Angers South because shows
South as un-Christian
barbarians
-1852, sold over a million copies
Widely read in North
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- 1854--Popular Sovereignty passed
as law in 1850 compromise to
determine slavery
- Rush to populate state with
“voters” for each side
-”Bleeding Kansas”
Slavery and abolitionist forces
resort to violence
“If the people of
Kansas want a
slaveholding state,
let them have it,
and if they want a
free state they have
a right to it…”
Stephen Douglas
-A fight in the U.S. Senate
Preston Brooks v.Charles Sumner
Brooks beats Sumner with cane
for criticizing South and his uncle
Sumner Brooks Incident
“… a Senator from Massachusetts allowed himself,
in an elaborately prepared speech, to offer a gross
insult to my State, and to a venerable friend…Not
content with that, he published to the world, and
circulated extensively, this uncalled for libel on my
State and my blood. Whatever insults my State
insults me. Her history and character have
commanded my pious veneration; and in her
defense I hope I shall always be prepared, humbly
and modestly, to perform the duty of a son. ..It was
a personal affair, and in taking redress into my
own hands I meant no disrespect to the Senate of
the United States or to this House. Nor, sir, did I
design insult or disrespect to the State of
Massachusetts.
Preston Brooks upon Resignation from the House
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dred Scott v. Sanford
-Scott is a slave
-he is taken into free states
-sues for freedom based on NW
Ordinance and Missouri
Compromise
-Supreme Court (majority of
southern justices) rules:
Blacks are not citizens (they
are property)
Can’t ban slavery (no free
states exist)
Missouri Comp. is illegal
. . The rights of private property have been guarded
with . . . care. Thus the rights of property are united
with the rights of person, and placed on the same
ground by the fifth amendment to the Constitution,
which provides that no person shall be deprived of
life, liberty, and property, without due process of law.
And an act of Congress which deprives a citizen of
the United States of his liberty or property, merely
because he came himself or brought his property
into a particular Territory of the United States, and
who had committed no offence against the laws,
could hardly be dignified with the name of due
process of law.
From Majority Opinion in Dred Scott v. Sanford
Development of Republican
Party
- Slavery had come to dominate
the differences in the parties
- By 1850 the differences had
peaked so that anti-slavery
Whigs, Democrats, and FreeSoilers formed a new antislavery party
Republican Party
- Official party policy was to
oppose the growth of slavery
where it did not exist.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
-Senate race in 1858 (Illinois)
Stephen Douglas (Dem),
Abraham Lincoln (Rep.)
-Debate over slavery issues
neither man wanted slavery in the
area, but how to do it?
-Douglas issues Freeport Doctrine
Slavery needs certain laws in
order to exist. Don’t pass those
laws and there will be no slavery
- Douglas wins the election, Lincoln
gains national fame
John Brown’s Raid
“I have, may it please
the Court, a few
words to say. In the
first place, I deny
everything but what I
have all along
admitted, of a design
on my part to free
slaves.
John Brown
- John Brown was an extreme
abolitionist
- Captured Harper’s Ferry military
installation in Virginia with intent
to arm slaves
- Surrounded and forced to
surrender
- Brown found guilty at trial and
then hanged--becomes a martyr
for many abolitionists
(Seen as a criminal in the South)
- Many Southerners thought Brown
represented northerners who
wanted to control the southern
lifestyle and economy
John Brown’s Body
John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave
John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave
John Brown's body lies a-mold' ring in the grave
His soul goes marching on
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
He captured Harper's Ferry with his nineteen men so true
He frightened old Virginia till she trembled
through and through
They hung him for a traitor, themselves the traitor crew
His soul is marching on
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
But his soul is marching on!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down
On the grave of old John Brown
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
Battle Hymn of the Republic
Mine eyes have seen the glory
Of the coming of the Lord;
He is trampling out the vintage
Where the grapes of wrath are stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning
Of His terrible swift sword;
His truth is marching on. (Chorus)
I have seen Him in the watchfires
Of a hundred circling camps
They have builded Him an altar
In the evening dews and damps;
I can read His righteous sentence
By the dim and flaring lamps;
His day is marching on. (Chorus)
I have read a fiery gospel writ
In burnished rows of steel:
"As ye deal with My condemners,
So with you My grace shall deal":
Let the Hero born of woman
Crush the serpent with His heel,
Since God is marching on. (Chorus)
He has sounded forth the trumpet
That shall never call retreat;
He is sifting out the hearts of men
Before His judgment seat;
Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him;
Be jubilant, my feet;
Our God is marching on. (Chorus)
In the beauty of the lilies
Christ was born across the sea,
With a glory in His bosom
That transfigures you and me;
As He died to make men holy,
Let us die to make men free;
While God is marching on. (Chorus)
Southern Secession
-1860 election
-Slavery divided the parties
-Lincoln pledges to stop spread
of slavery but not to interfere
with the south
-Douglas got support of
Northern Democrats
-John Breckinridge got
southern Democrats
-John Bell nominated by
Constitutional Union Party
Lincoln’s Election
“The time for
compromise has
now passed.”
Jefferson Davis
-Lincoln wins election with no
southern electoral votes
-Southern states secede in fear
of government where they
have no voice
-S.C. first to secede, 6 others
follow
“This country will be
drenched in blood…The
people of the North are not
going to let the country be
destroyed without a mighty
effort to save it…Only in
spirit and determination
are you prepared for war. In
all else you are totally
unprepared.”
William Tecumseh
Sherman
- Confederate States of
America formed before
Lincoln takes office
-Jefferson Davis elected
Confederate President