Name: ___________________________________ Date: _________________ Class Period: ______________
Persuasion Key Elements- 8th Grade
1. Counterargument- an argument opposed to your thesis, or part of your thesis. It expresses the view of a person who
disagrees with your position.
2. Propaganda - attempts to influence ideas or opinions dishonestly using faulty reasoning or other
persuasive appeals. (see WWII propaganda poster)
3. Persuasive Appeals are (page 926)________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Author’s Bias is (926, 979, 987) _____________________________________________________________________
Example: Mrs. Rapp thinks she teaches the smartest students in the school. Why? Well, they are her students of course!
5.
Faulty Reasoning is (926, 1001)_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Three Types of Faulty Reasoning:
6. Either/ Or Fallacy (1001)___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Faulty Cause/Effect (1001)_________________________________________________________________________
Example: Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people, therefore, surgeons commit a crime.
8. Bandwagon (995, 1001)________________________________________________________________________
(see McDonald’s sign for Bandwagon)
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _________________ Class Period: ______________
Persuasion Key Elements- 8th Grade
1. Counterargument- an argument opposed to your thesis, or part of your thesis. It expresses the view of a person who
disagrees with your position.
2. Propaganda - attempts to influence ideas or opinions dishonestly using faulty reasoning or other
persuasive appeals. (see WWII propaganda poster)
3. Persuasive Appeals are (page 926)________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Author’s Bias is (926, 979, 987) _____________________________________________________________________
Example: Mrs. Rapp thinks she teaches the smartest students in the school. Why? Well, they are her students of course!
5.
Faulty Reasoning is (926, 1001)_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Three Types of Faulty Reasoning:
6.
Either/ Or Fallacy (1001)___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Faulty Cause/Effect (1001)_________________________________________________________________________
Example: Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people, therefore, surgeons commit a crime.
8. Bandwagon (995, 1001)________________________________________________________________________
(see McDonald’s sign for Bandwagon)
9. Denotation (page 966, 1001)____________________________________________________________________
10.
Connotation (932, 942) ____________________________________________________________
Examples: He is very strong-willed. VS He is very pig-headed.
11.
Semantic Slanting (978, 986) _______________________________________________________
12. Reason/ Rational Appeal (933)___________________________________________________________________
Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
13. Ethical Appeal (933, 943) _______________________________________________________________________
14. Emotional Appeal (933, 959, 995)________________________________________________________________
15. Testimonial (995)_____________________________________________________________________________
Example: “I'm definitely someone who suffers from acne. I'm a teenage boy! ... So I use Proactiv so my face doesn't get
like that. Proactiv is a great thing!” –Justin Bieber
16. Transfer (995) __________________________________________________________________________________
17. Repetition (995)__________________________________________________________________________________
18. Exaggeration (995)_______________________________________________________________________________
9. Denotation (page 966, 1001)____________________________________________________________________
10. Connotation (932, 942) ____________________________________________________________
Examples: He is very strong-willed. VS He is very pig-headed.
11. Semantic Slanting (978, 986) _______________________________________________________
12. Reason/ Rational Appeal (933)___________________________________________________________________
Example: A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
13. Ethical Appeal (933, 943) _______________________________________________________________________
14. Emotional Appeal (933, 959, 995)________________________________________________________________
15. Testimonial (995)_____________________________________________________________________________
Example: “I'm definitely someone who suffers from acne. I'm a teenage boy! ... So I use Proactiv so my face doesn't get
like that. Proactiv is a great thing!” –Justin Bieber
16. Transfer (995) __________________________________________________________________________________
17. Repetition (995)__________________________________________________________________________________
18. Exaggeration (995)_______________________________________________________________________________
Name: ___________________________________ Date: _________________ Class Period: ______________
7th Grade Persuasion Key Elements
A fact is a statement that can be proved __________________ OR ____________________. Page 438
An opinion is someone’s _______________________________.
FACT or OPINION?
_____________Ms. Martin teaches 7th grade students at HWJH.
_____________ Ms. Martin has the smartest students in the school.
_____________ The Oklahoma City Thunder are the best team in the NBA.
_____________ Ms. Martin thinks Kevin Durant is the best player in the NBA.
Match the type of persuasion with the speech using it!
Ethics/Credibility (Ethos)
Urgency (Kairos)
Emotions (Pathos)
Logic/ Reason(Logos)
_____________“I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips
dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls
will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.” –Martin Luther King Jr.
_____________Purchasing these Pajama Jeans® at this low, low price is a one-time offer. You can’t get this price after
today, so place your order right now!
_____________A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy.
_____________ “I'm definitely someone who suffers from acne. I'm a teenage boy! ... So I use Proactiv so my face
doesn't get like that. Proactiv is a great thing!” –Justin Bieber
Diction is a writer’s __________________________. Persuasive language is strong but appropriate. Writers need to
choose words that are also _________________and _____________. Page 413
Denotation VS. Connotation pages 424, 440, 448
Denotation- the dictionary definition
Examples: _________________________
of a word with no added meaning__________.
Connotation- _________________________________________________________________________
Examples:
He is very strong-willed. Is this positive or negative connotation?__________________
He is very pig-headed.
Is this positive or negative connotation?__________________
Tone is the _______________ the writer takes toward the ______________________. Page 441
The Author’s Purpose is _______________________________________________________________. Page 463, 554
Name The…
Propaganda
Testimonial
Bandwagon
Page 474, 494
1. _________________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ___________________________
Faulty Reasoning- What is It?
Valid means something is ___________________. Faulty reasoning is __________________________.
Argument: Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people, therefore, surgeons commit a crime.
Problem: ____________________________________________________________________________
Argument: Aspirin users are at risk of becoming dependent on the drug, because aspirin is an addictive substance.
Problem: ____________________________________________________________________________
Attention to Audience: Writers need to _______________their writing based on their ______________. This is
especially true when the goal of the writing is to persuade the reader to take action. Make sure that your tone and voice
are appropriate for your audience.
Ask yourself: _____________________________________________? Page 446
A position is a _______________ you take on an arguable viewpoint.
Your position could be PRO (_______) or CON (__________) making sure canned tuna is dolphin free.
Use OREO to develop your speech plans:
O________________
R________________
E________________
O________________
A Call to Action is a ______________________ for your ________________________, typically found in the conclusion.
Complete the Call to Action Example Statements:
In summary, the health risks of smoking cigarettes are many, so I urge you to _________________________________.
Since this bill will clearly be harmful to our state government, please ________________________________________.
Answer Key:
Faulty reasoning
Valid means something is true or logical. Faculty reasoning is not valid thinking.
Argument: Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people, therefore, surgeons commit a crime.
Problem: Cutting people is not a crime in certain situations.
Argument: Aspirin users are at risk of becoming dependent on the drug, because aspirin is an addictive substance.
Problem: The premise and the conclusion have the same meaning. If one has already accepted the premise, there is
no need to reason to the conclusion. Obviously the premise is not logically irrelevant to the conclusion, for if the
premise is true the conclusion must also be true. It is, however, logically irrelevant in proving the conclusion.
Diction is a writer’s word choice. Persuasive language is strong but appropriate. Writers need to choose words that are
also descriptive and specific.
Attention to Audience: Writers need to adjust their writing based on their audience. This is especially true when the
goal of the writing is to persuade the reader to take action. Make sure that your tone and voice are appropriate for your
audience.
Ask yourself: Who am I talking to?
OREO
Opinion
Reasons
Examples
Opinion
Call to Action is a direction for your audience to do something, typically found in the conclusion.