PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Phi Phenomenon
The perception of
movement as a result
of sequential
presentation of visual
stimuli
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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3/19/2016
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
 Depth Perception
 ability to see objects in three dimensions
 allows us to judge distance
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
 Monocular Cues – depth cues available
to either eye alone
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Linear Perspective
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Perceiving parallel lines as coming closer together, or
converging, as they recede from us. The more the
lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.
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Relative Size
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Perceiving larger objects as being closer to us.
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Texture Gradient
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Perceiving objects with rougher textures as being closer
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Interposition
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Objects that
block other
objects tend to
be perceived as
closer.
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Light and Shadowing
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Perceiving shadows and highlights as giving
depth to two-dimensional objects.
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Chapter 4
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Monocular Cues
 The most complex of monocular cues of depth
is called motion parallax.
 Motion parallax is the tendency of objects to
seem to more forward or backward depending
on how far away they are from the viewer.
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PSYCHOLOGY
Perceptual Constancies
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Refers to the tendency to perceive
an object as remaining stable
and unchanging despite any
changes that may occur to the
image cast on the retina.
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Size Constancies
Size constancy involves
recognizing that an objects
actual size remains the
same, even though the
image it casts on each retina
changes.
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Size Constancy
 Cylinders at positions
A and B are the same
size even though their
image sizes differ
Point B
 The depth cues such as
linear perspective and
texture help the visual
system judge the size
accurately
Point A
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Shape Constancies
It is the tendency to perceive an
object as maintaining its shape
despite any change in shape of
the image of the object on the
retina.
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
3D Side
View
Flat
Front
View
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Shape Constancy
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
 It is hard to tell if the
figure on the upper
right is a trapezoid or
a square slanted
backward
 If we add texture, the
texture gradient helps
us see that it is
actually a square
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Brightness Constancy
Is the tendency to perceive an object
as maintaining its level of brightness
in relation to its surroundings.
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PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Color/Brightness Constancy
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Perception
PSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
Müller-Lyer Illusion
– The two lines above are the same length, but
the diagonals extending outward from both
ends of the lower line makes it look longer than
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the upper line
AND