Red Raspberries
Jessie Salmon
• Indigenous to Asia Minor and North America
• People of Troy gathered wild fruits
• The domestication of raspberries: recorded 4th century
writings of Palladius, a Roman agriculturist.
• Seeds first discovered at Roman forts in Britain
• Romans spread the cultivation throughout Europe.
• British popularized and improved throughout the middle
ages, and exported to New York by 1771.
• “Bramble” means “envy” in the language of flowers
• On both sides of the Atlantic, brambles were used
medicinally hundreds of years ago.
• Roots were once used to remedy dysentery.
A great picture!
red raspberries on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
Accessed on March 28, 2006
• Red raspberries are termed “brambles” along with
blackberries.
• Diverse group of species and hybrids in genus Rubus.
Members of the Rosaceae family, closely related to the
strawberry in the subfamily Rosuideae.
• Termed an aggregate fruit because it’s formed by smaller
fruits (drupelets) gathered together into a mass
• Most types require cooler summers. They’re poorly
adapted to southern U.S. or hot, arid climates.
• It takes 2 years to establish raspberry planting
• They grow and produce on many soil types; the best is
sandy loam soils with organic matter and plant nutrients.
• Also need good drainage and an open site that gets 6 to
8 hours of sunlight.
• Care: weed free, water when necessary, fertilize, prune,
keep insect and disease pest free!
• Raspberry pests: aphids, leaf rollers, cane borers, cane
maggots, fruit worms, crown borers, sawflies, sap
beetles, and Japanese beetles.
Statistics
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Worldwide 2002 911 million pounds of raspberries produced
37 countries worldwide on 184,000 acres
Production increased 38% since 1992
Average yield 5000 pounds per acre
Top Countries with raspberry production: Russia (24% of world
production) and Serbia and Montanegro
U.S. 173 million pounds
Almost all grown in Washington, California, and Oregon
Total value of industry: $85 million a year with 90% or more of the
crop processed
In the off season, small quantities grown in Chile and other Latin
American countries, exported in the off-season
Heritage-
Boyne-
Nova-
High quality with
excellent, mild flavor
Sweet flavor
Beautiful fruit
with fine flavor
Pictures provided by:
Raspberries Accessed on
March 29, 2006
•They’re the new standard for
fall-bearing varieties
•Larger berry than Heritage
and more productive
•High adaptable, growing
from the East Coast to the
West Coast
Picture provided
by: Caroline
Raspberries Nourse Farms Fruit Nursery
Online Catalog
Accessed on
March 29, 2006
• A study was conducted by University of Maryland on
raspberry production in Somerset County, on the Eastern
Shore. Also in Garret County in the Appalachian Plateau
in Maryland.
• Eastern shore had problems with establishment and
disease, however the Appalachian met expectations
with a good fruit season, size, firmness, and productivity.
• Annual returns from the top producer Caroline
raspberries would be $66,000 per acre
• For more information, see the website:
• http://agroecology.widgetworks.com/pdfs/harryswartzfullr
eport122004 Accessed on March 28, 2006
And finally: The Nutrients!
Raspberries are known for:
• High fiber content
• Vitamin A
• Folate
• Antioxidants
• Phytochemicals
and much more~~
Nutrients:
Serving Size: ¼ cup 30.75g (golf ball sized)
Essential Fatty
Acids:
Energy:
Kilocalories
16
Omega-6
.0765g
Protein
.369g
Omega-3
.0387g
Carb
3.67g
Carbs:
Fat, total
.1998g
Dietary Fiber, total
1.9987g
Sugar, total
1.3591g
Fat:
Saturated
.0058g
Monounsaturat
ed
.0196g
Polyunsaturate
d
.1153g
Cholesterol
0mg
Other:
Water
.0263 L
Alcohol
0g
More Nutrients:
Vitamins:
Thiamin
Minerals:
.0098 mg
Riboflavin
.0116mg
Niacin
.1838mg
Vitamin B6
.0169mg
Folate
6.4575ug
Vitamin C
8.0565 mg
Vitamin D
0ug
Vitamin A
3.0746 ug
Alphatocopherol
(Vitamin E)
.1107mg
Calcium
7.6875mg
Iron
.2121mg
Magnesium
6.765mg
Potassium
46.4325
Zinc
.1291mg
Sodium
.3075mg
In depth on…Phytochemicals
• Contains cancer fighting beta-carotene, ellagic acid,
catechins, and monoterpenes.
Phytochemicals
Anthocyanins
Ellagic Acid
Values
20-65 mg/100g
3.39 mg/g dry wt
ORAC Values
24 µmole TE/g
Salicylic Acid
5 mg/100 g
Quercitin
12 mg/100 g
Catechins
0.83 mg/100 g
Chart provided by:
Photochemicals - Washington
Red Raspberry Commission
Accessed on March 28, 2006
In depth on…Ellagic Acid
• Ellagic acid is an anti-carcinogen that prevents HIV
binding to cells, blood clotting, growth of tumors,
and cancer.
• Currently double blind studies* conducted at the
Hollings Cancer Center at the Medical University of
South Carolina that show ellagic acid keeping cancer
cells from dividing in a test tube.
• Forms a chemical compound (an adduct) to the DNA
to mask binding cites with a carcinogen.
• Can be seen as an alternative to chemotherapy,
radiation or other conventional treatments by aiding
in cancer death without destroying the immune
* See Breakthrough Cancer
system.
Prevention for more information!
Accessed on March 29, 2006
In depth on…Anthocyanins
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Act as pigments to give color
Naturally found in fruits and vegetables
Close to 300 different kinds
Current research for each anthocyanin and how they
impact human health. Under investigation is their anticancer potential, if they lower LDL cholesterol, prevent
blood clotting, and defend cells against carcinogens.
• Most recent study shows that the anthocyanins in red
raspberries can help reduce the risk of heart disease.
See anthocyanins
Accessed on March 29,
2006
In depth on…Antioxidants
• Protect plant cells from damage that make them
susceptible to disease.
• May help prevent a number of different types of cancer.
• Antioxidant vitamins: Beta-carotene (from Vitamin A),
Vitamin E, and Vitamin C, all found in raspberries.
Uses and Preparation
•Freshly prepared, sugared,
raspberry sundae, jams, jellies
•Shopping- delicate structure,
handle with care!
•Berries should be plump, dry,
firm, well shaped, and uniformly
colored
Recipe
Fat Free Raspberry Muffins
1/2 c Sugar
1/2 ts Salt
2 Egg whites
1 c Skim milk
2 c Flour
3 ts Baking soda
1 1/2 c Raspberries
In a small bowl, combine sugar, salt, egg
whites, & milk; mix well. Add flour, baking
soda, & raspberries. Combine thoroughly.
Pour into baking tins (use non-stick cooking
spray on the tins). Bake 15-20 minutes in a
425 degree oven. Makes 6 big or 12 little
muffins.
Bibliography:
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(2000). Raspberries.
Wholehealthmd.<http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/foods_vi
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(2002-2006). Raspberries. The George Mateljan Foundation. The World’s
Healthiest Foods.
<http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=39>.
Accessed March 6 2006.
(2005). Caroline Raspberries. Nourse Farms.
<http://www.noursefarms.com/catalog/rasp
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(2006). Raspberries. Greenwood
Nursery.<http://greenwoodnursery.com/page.cfm/1162
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(2006). Diet analysis plus version 7.0.1. Thomson:Wadsworth. CD-ROM.
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Accessed March 11, 2006.
Breakthrough cancer prevention. Young Again Nutrients.
<http://www.youngagain.com/ellagic1.html?OVRAW=Red%20raspberries&OVKEY
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Brown, Judith. (2005). Nutrition Now 4th edition. Thomson Learning, Inc. Belmont,
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Just berry recipes-raspberry recipes. <http://www.justberryrecipes.com/inxras.html>.
Accessed March 11, 2006.
Raspberries and more. University of Illinois Extension.
<http://www.urbanext.vicc.edu/ra
aspberries/>. Accessed March 11, 2006.
Smith, Keith. Raspberries for the backyard fruit planting. Ohio State University
Extension
Fact Sheet. <http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1421.html>.Accessed March
11, 2006.
Supplements: anthocyanins. Whole Healthmd.
<http://www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf/
substances_view/0,1525,1026,00.html>. Accessed March 29, 2006.
Swartz, Harry. (2004). Bramble production in Maryland and anticancer effects of
Bramble fruits on human colon cancer cells.
<http://agroecology.widgetworks.co
M/pdfs/harryswartsfullreport/22004>. Accessed March 29, 2006.
White, Darlene. Reliable raspberries. The Taunton Press.
<http://www.taunton.com/fineg
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