World History
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Bell Work Week 15: Monday 04.26.15
▪ Respond to the following in complete sentences in
the space for Monday on your bell work paper.
▪ In your opinion, when is it appropriate for
people to take part in a political
revolution?
Table of Contents
Unit 9: Enlightenment and Revolution
Reading Summary 18.4
Notes: Napoleon
Terms
Unit 9: Enlightenment and Revolution
Chart of Enlightened Thinkers
Reading Summary 17.2
Definitions
Summary 17.3
Timeline
Notes
Reading Summary 18.1
Notes: French Revolution
Reading Summary 18.2
Notes
Reading Summary 18.3
Reading Summary 18.4
Notes Napoleon
Essential Question
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon’s rise
to power?
Topical Questions
• How did Napoleon rise to power and why
did the French strongly support him?
• How did Napoleon build an empire and
what challenges did the empire face?
• What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?
• How did the Congress of Vienna try to
create a lasting peace?
Name
Text Marking:
Read Silently.
Under the main idea.
Circle Vocabulary
words.
Class
Date
The final phase of the revolution is known as the Age of Napoleon.
When the revolution first broke out, Napoleon Bonaparte was a
young lieutenant. Battle victories fueled his ambitions and his rise
through army ranks. By 1804, Napoleon had acquired enough power
to assume the title Emperor of the French. At each step on his rise to
power, Napoleon had held a plebiscite. However, he still had
absolute power, although he was elected.
Napoleon consolidated his power by strengthening the central
government. His economic and social reforms won support across
classes. Among his most lasting reforms was the Napoleonic Code.
This new code of laws embodied Enlightenment principles of equality, religious tolerance, and the abolition of feudalism.
From 1804 to 1812, Napoleon battled the European powers and
created a vast French empire. A brilliant general, before each battle
Napoleon developed a new plan. In this way, opposing generals
could never anticipate what he would do next. He rarely lost.
Napoleon annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and
Germany to build his Grand Empire. However, Britain remained
outside Napoleon’s grasp. His attempt to wage economic warfare
against Britain through the Continental System failed. Many
Europeans resented the scarcity of goods. Growing nationalism led
to resistance against French influence. In Spain, patriots waged
guerrilla warfare against the French.
In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 soldiers. To
avoid battles with Napoleon, the Russians retreated, burning crops
and villages as they went. This scorched-earth policy left the French
hungry and cold. Most of the Grand Army was destroyed. Fewer
than 20,000 soldiers survived. The retreat from Moscow through the
long Russian winter shattered Napoleon’s reputation for success.
In 1815, British and Prussian forces crushed the French at the
Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon was forced to abdicate. After Waterloo,
diplomats met at the Congress of Vienna to restore stability and
order in Europe after years of revolution and war. The Congress
strived to create a lasting peace through the principle of legitimacy
and by maintaining a balance of power. Leaders also met periodically
in the Concert of Europe to discuss problems that threatened peace.
Review Questions
1. How did the French respond to Napoleon’s economic and social
reforms?
Annotate in the
margin
2. Why did Napoleon’s invasion of Russia fail?
Once you
have read the
summary and
marked the
text, answer
the questions.
Napoleon Bonaparte
▪Napoleon
Bonaparte military hero who
rose quickly
through the army.
▪He favored
republican rule
and the Jacobins.
When Napoleon helped create the Consulate,
he became First Consul.
•Consul for life.
•He crowned himself Emperor.
•Strongly supported by the
French people.
Napoleon restored
order and
prosperity and
strengthened
the central
government. He:
• Controlled prices
• Encouraged industry
• Built roads and canals
• Set up public schools
His most lasting reform was the
Napoleonic Code.
Napoleonic Code
•Equality of all male
citizens before the
law
•Religious toleration
•Abolition of
feudalism
• Enlightenment
principles.
• But women lost
most of their rights
of citizenship.
From 1804 to 1812, Napoleon successfully
battled most of Europe and created an empire.
• Annexed most
of Europe.
Except for
Britain and
Russia.
• He placed his
own relatives on
some European
thrones.
Waged Economic Warfare against Britain.
• Napoleon then imposed the Continental System to
close European ports to British goods.
• Began to be seen as an oppressor.
• Occupied countries created revolts and patriotic
resistance through guerrilla warfare.
Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812
was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
Russian army used
a scorched-earth
policy.
Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and Louis XVIII
was recognized as king of France.
Napoleon’s return to power lasted only 100 days.
. of Waterloo in Belgium
• Crushing blow at the Battle
• Napoleon was forced to abdicate a second and final
time.
• The final defeat and exile of Napoleon ended the
period of the French Revolution.
Napoleon’s legacy affected not only France, but the
rest of Europe and the Americas.
Within France
Abroad
• Created Napoleonic • Failed to make Europe into a
Code
French empire
• Expanded
• Ensured
suffrage
rights to
property and
education for more
citizens
• Sparked
nationalist feelings
across Europe
• Created
• Sold
a new Germany
the Louisiana Territory
and doubled the size of the
United States
After the Battle of Waterloo, diplomats
and heads of state at the Congress of
Vienna redrew the map of Europe.
Their chief
goal was to
create a
lasting peace.
They wanted
to:
• Create a balance
of power
• Protect the system
of monarchy
• Prevent French
expansion
Independent Practice
▪ Complete the map of Europe in the age of Napoleon.
▪ Define the following terms in your spiral:
▪ annex
▪ plebiscite
▪ guerrilla warfare
▪ scorched-earth policy
▪ abdicate