Word List
Ilkhanids
Timurids
Mongols
Timeline
1206 Temujin (Genghis
Khan, r. 1206-27) forms
confederation of Mongol
tribes, launches armies to
east and west.
1227 Death of Genghis Khan,
who by now has conquered
N. China, overthrown
Qara-Khitai and KhwarazmShahs.
Map Link: Animated Map of the Mongol Conquests:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongol_Empire_map.gif>
Timeline
1236-41 Mongol expeditions attack Russia
and E. Europe.
1243 Mongols take Asia Minor.
1256 Mongols take Alamut.
1258 Mongols take Baghdad, put ‘Abbasid
caliph al-Musta‘sim (r. 1242-58) to death.
1260 Mongols take Aleppo, Damascus.
Timeline
1260 Mamluks defeat Mongols at ‘Ayn Jalut.
In wake of battle, Baybars takes control of
Mamluk sultanate, rules until 1277.
Map Link: The Mongol Dominions, 1300-1405:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/
3f/Mongol_dominions1.jpg/800pxMongol_dominions1.jpg>
Great Khanate of China and Mongolia
Chaghatay Khanate
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Ilkhanate
Word List
Hülegü
Ilkhans/
Ilkhanids
Timeline
1295-1304 Reign of Ilkhan
Ghazan, who imposes Islam
on Ilkhanate.
1304-16 Reign of Öljeitü.
Sufis (Muslim
mystics)
iqta‘ (≈fief)
Mid-14th century sees
fragmentation of Ilkhanate.
Word List
Ottomans
Samarqand
Herat
shari‘a
(Islamic Law)
Timeline
1361 Temür (Tamerlane/
Tamburlaine/Temür the Lame,
r. 1361-1405) comes to power.
1370 Temür takes control of
Transoxania, launches
campaigns to east and west.
1405-47 Reign of Shah Rukh.
Ulugh Beg
Timeline
1470-1506 Reign of Husayn Bayqara.
1510 Persia passes into hands of Safavids.
1526 Babur defeats sultan of Delhi in India,
founds Mughal Empire.
1857 Indian Mutiny/First Indian War of
Independence against British.
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Qur’an for sultan Öljeitü. Ilkhanid. 30 volumes. 1313. By ‘Abd Allah
al-Hamadani. Ink, gold and colour on paper. (F - 2 slides)
Mahmud of Ghazna crosses the Ganges. Jami‘ al-Tawarikh. 1306-7.
Tabriz. (F)
Shakyamuni (Buddha) offers fruit to the devil: Jami‘ al-Tawarikh
of Rashid al-Din. Tabriz. 1314. (F)
A miniature of Alexander enthroned from the “Demotte” Shahnama
produced in Tabriz. Early 14th c. (F)
Iranian Lajvardina dish, early 14th c. Glazed ceramic. 21.1cm. (F)
Friday Mosque of Taj al-Din ‘Ali Shah, Tabriz, (bt. c. 1310-20).
(Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam (London: Paul Hamlyn,
1966), p. 103.)
Object List
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). View of the eastern
façade. (A)
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Exterior view from the
northwest. (A)
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior
tilework that formed part of the first decorative scheme. (A)
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior
stucco decoration. (A)
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior
tilework that formed part of the first decorative scheme. (A)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). View of polychrome
plaster on a vault in the gallery. (A)
Pilgrims at the Ka‘ba; Pilgrim touches stone. From “A Miscellany
for Iskandar Sultan.” Shiraz or Isfahan. 814/1411, a treatise on
religious observance. (F)
The Lion attacks the Bull. Kalila wa Dimna. Baysungur, Herat. 1429. (F)
The Tree of Zaqqum in Hell. Page from the Mirajnama Herat. 1436
(540 AH). (F)
“King Nushirvan and the Owls” from an Iranian copy of Nizami’s
(d. 1209) Khamsa (Quintet). 1494-95. (F)
Fritware dish. Underglaze painted cobalt blue. Iznik, c. 1480. 45cm
diameter. (F)
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). Exterior view, main
elevation. (A)
Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). View from the remains
of the Mohammad Sultan Madrasa to the mausoleum. (A)
Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). Detail view of the ribbed
dome of the tomb. (A)
Word List
Ghaznavids
Timeline
640s Muslim raids into India
begin.
Ghurids
971-1030 Reign of Mahmud
of Ghazna, who makes first
major Muslim incursions into
India.
Map Link: India, 750-900:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Kanauj_
triangle_map.svg>
Timeline
1186-1206 Reign of Ghurid sultan
Muhammad.
1206 Qutb al-Din Aybak assassinates
Muhammad, declares self sultan of Delhi.
1206-10 Reign of Qutb al-Din.
1206-1526 Sultanate of Delhi in N. India.
1388-89 Temür raids northern India.
Map Link: The Delhi Sultanate:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/3/30/Delhi_History_Map.png>
Timeline
1526 Babur defeats sultan of Delhi, sets up
Mughal Empire in N. India.
1526-30 Reign of Babur, first Mughal Emperor.
1529 Babur secures hold on northern India.
1556-1605 Reign of Akbar, who extends
Mughal control over much of India, Pakistan,
Afghanistan, Nepal and Bhutan.
Map Link: The Mughal Empire:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/
ff/Mughal_Historical_Map.png>
Timeline
1658 British establish permanent hold on
Bengal.
Later 17th century: Decline of Mughal state
in wake of campaigns against religious
dissidents.
Mid 18th century: British defeat French to
establish dominance in India.
Map Link: India, 1765:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/
IGI1908India1765a.jpg>
Timeline
May 9th 1857 Outbreak of Indian Mutiny/
First Indian War of Independence.
July 1858 End of Indian Mutiny/ First Indian
War of Independence.
1862 Death of last Mughal emperor, Bahadur
Shah II, in exile in Burma. Bahadur’s sons are
killed by British troops. End of Mughal
dynasty.
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Taj Mahal. Agra, India. 1630-48. (F)
Detail of the Taj Mahal. Agra, India. 1630-48. (F)
Taj Mahal. Detail of pietra dura inlay work on mausoleum. (A)
Taj Mahal. Detail view of mausoleum, looking up at the muqarnas
in the entry iwan. (A)
Taj Mahal. Floorplan. (Wikimedia Commons: <http://commons.
wikimedia.org/>.)
Taj Mahal. Jali screen surrounding the cenotaphs. (Wikipedia:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/>.)
Taj Mahal. Cenotaphs, interior of Taj Mahal on ground level.
(Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.)
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Taj Mahal. Tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal at underground
level. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.)
Taj Mahal complex. Plan. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.)
Tomb of Humayun. Delhi. 1562-71. (F)
Tomb of Akbar. Sikadra. 1605-13. (F)
Tomb of Akbar. Sikadra. 1605-13. Detail of mural in vestibule. (F)
Tomb of I‘timad al-Dawla, Agra. 1622-29. (F - 2 slides)
Tomb of Safdarjang. Delhi. 1754. (F)
Purana Qal‘a Mosque. Delhi. 1540s. (F)
Object List
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1573. Gate to Friday Mosque. (F)
Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1560s. Second court of palace. (F)
Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1560s. Royal pavilion. (F)
Moti Mosque, Agra. 1648-55, built by Shah Jahan. Exterior view. (F)
Moti Mosque, Agra. 1648-55, built by Shah Jahan. Prayer hall. (F)
Red Fort, Delhi. Built by Shah Jahan. 1644-58. (F)
The construction of Fatehpur Sikri, Akbarnama. India, c. 1586-87. Ink
and colour on paper. (F)
Mughal camp as depicted in the Arrest of Abu’l-Ma‘ali, from a copy
of the Akbarnama. India, c. 1590. Colour on paper. (F)
Object List
Khusrau and Shirin meet on the hunting field. Khamsa of Nizami.
Lahore. 1595. ‘Abd al-Rahim (calligrapher), Nanha (artist). (F)
Majnun visited by his father. Khamsa belonging to Amir Khusrad
Delari. Lahore. 1597-8. Ink and colour on paper. (F)
Jahangir presenting a book to a Sufi. India, c. 1615-20. (F)
Mughal carpet, mid-17th c. (F)
Cotton prayer mat: Mughal with Gujarati style silk embroidery.
Second half of the 17th c. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet
Object List
Late Mughal India. Covered jar, c. 1700. Cloisonne enamel on gold. (F)
Late Mughal India. Storage Chest, Gujarat wood with mother of pearl
and black lacquer. (F)
F = Ferret, A = Archnet