Neutron Stars &
Black Holes

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _________.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _________
________ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _________. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________
______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of ________.
D. Typical mass: _________________
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _________
________ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _________. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________
______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of ________.
D. Typical mass: _________________
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________
______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of ________.
D. Typical mass: _________________
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _ neutrinos are formed _. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _ 99% of the energy _ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of ________.
D. Typical mass: _________________
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _ neutrinos are formed _. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _ 99% of the energy _ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of _ neutrons _.
D. Typical mass: _________________
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _ neutrinos are formed _. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _ 99% of the energy _ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of _ neutrons _.
D. Typical mass: _ 1.4 – 3 solar masses _
E. Typical size: ________________
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _ neutrinos are formed _. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _ 99% of the energy _ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of _ neutrons _.
D. Typical mass: _ 1.4 – 3 solar masses _
E. Typical size: _ 12 km in diameter _
F. Average density: _____________
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

Neutron Stars and Black Holes
I. Neutron Stars
A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_.
B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _ protons and electrons _ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _ neutrons _. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _ neutrinos are formed _. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _ 99% of the energy _ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!]
C. Comprised almost entirely of _ neutrons _.
D. Typical mass: _ 1.4 – 3 solar masses _
E. Typical size: _ 12 km in diameter _
F. Average density: _ 5 x 10 17 kg/m 3 _
• The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _ 3 x 10 17 kg/m 3 _
• 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = _ 2 billion tons _

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _______________ do not form neutron stars. These objects are ____________.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _____
____.
I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________.
• Spin rates: _________________________
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _____
____.
I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________.
• Spin rates: _________________________
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________.
• Spin rates: _________________________
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit _ beams of radio waves _ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _ pulsars _.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________.
• Spin rates: _________________________
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit _ beams of radio waves _ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _ pulsars _.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _ hit the surface in 1 microsecond _ at a speed of _ 2000 km/s _.
• Spin rates: _________________________
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit _ beams of radio waves _ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _ pulsars _.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _ hit the surface in 1 microsecond _ at a speed of _ 2000 km/s _.
• Spin rates: _ 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds _
• The nearest neutron star is ___________.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit _ beams of radio waves _ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _ pulsars _.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _ hit the surface in 1 microsecond _ at a speed of _ 2000 km/s _.
• Spin rates: _ 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds _
• The nearest neutron star is _ 280 ly away _.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________
______________
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _ 1.4 solar masses _ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _ white dwarfs _.
H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _ black hole _.
I. Many neutron stars emit _ beams of radio waves _ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _ pulsars _.
J. Some interesting neutron star facts:
• Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _ hit the surface in 1 microsecond _ at a speed of _ 2000 km/s _.
• Spin rates: _ 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds _
• The nearest neutron star is _ 280 ly away _.
• The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled _ “LGM-1” for
Little Green Men” _
• Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _____.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it __________
____________________. Within the event horizon,
_____________________________.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________
____________________
D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it __________
____________________. Within the event horizon,
_____________________________.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________
____________________
D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________
____________________
D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the _ event horizon _, the point of no return, is called the _ Schwarzchild radius _.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the _ event horizon _, the point of no return, is called the _ Schwarzchild radius _.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________
________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the _ event horizon _, the point of no return, is called the _ Schwarzchild radius _.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up _ in the center at the singularity _ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _______________________________________. A new
______________________ is needed.

II. Black Holes
A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _ 3M
O
_.
B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _ distorts both space and time around it _. Within the event horizon,
_ nothing, not even light, can escape _.
C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _ interactions with surrounding matter.
_
D. Predicted by _ Albert Einstein’s _ Theory of General Relativity.
E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _ bends light _ passing by. This is called _ gravitational lensing _.
F. The dimensions of the _ event horizon _, the point of no return, is called the _ Schwarzchild radius _.
G. Inside, all of the matter end up _ in the center at the singularity _ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense.
H. _ Einstein’s theory breaks down at the singularity _. A new
_ quantum theory of gravity _ is needed.

Neutron Stars &
Black Holes