Made

up of glands
release hormones into the bloodstream

Hormones travel throughout the body and relay
information
Works
with nervous system to
control body

Coordinated by the hypothalamus


receives messages from internal organs
Stimulates pituitary gland when a change in
homeostasis occurs
1. Pituitary gland – “master” endocrine gland
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pineal gland
4. Thyroid gland
5. Parathyroid gland
6. Adrenal gland
7. Pancreas
8. Ovaries or Testes
 Which
part of your brain meshes your
endocrine and nervous systems together?
 Without looking at your notes, list as many
parts of the endocrine system as you can
Controls all the other glands
 Secretes hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone,
anti-diuretic hormone, growth hormone, and more)

 Secretes
hormones
 controls pituitary gland
 Regulates
metabolism and growth
 Main
hormone is thyroxine – contains iodine
(think iodized salt)

Regulates Energy Use, Food Intake
 In
brain – “third eye”
 Sensitive to light
 Releases melatonin to make you sleepy
 Hypothyroidism:

Lower energy, weight gain
low thyroxin
 Goiter:
enlarged thyroid gland
(low iodine)
Controls calcium levels in blood and bones
Secretes Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
 Produces
adrenalin (epinephrine) and
noradrenalin (norepinephrine)
Fight-or-flight response
 Increased…




heart rate and
pressure
respiration rate
muscle efficiency
blood sugar levels
 Also
releases cortisol
which wakes you up
blood
Controls blood sugar levels - Insulin
Also acts as a gland of the digestive system
secreting digestive enzymes
 Gonads:
ovaries and testes
 Ovaries
produce estrogen
and progesterone
 Sex characteristics




Breasts
Widening of hips
Soft skin
Pubic/underarm hair
 Testes
produce androgens,
including testosterone
 Sex




characteristics
facial, leg and body hair
Thicker skin
Large muscle mass
Growth of Larynx (deep voice)
Tammy Thomas – Pro bike racer
 Which
gland is your “master endocrine
gland”?
 Which glands sit on top of your kidneys and
make adrenaline?
 Which gland / hormone makes you get fatter
as you age?
 What hormones are secreted by YOUR
gonads?
 Which gland controls your blood sugar levels,
and with what hormone?
 An
increase in something inhibits the
process leading to the increase
 Example:






your grades
Your grades suck
Parents get on your case
You try harder at school
Your grades go up
Parents stop harping on you
You stop trying, grades go back down
 Video:

negative and positive feedback loops
(first minute only)
 You
work out and get thirsty
 Hypothalamus senses you need water
 Hypothalamus tells pituitary gland to release
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
 Causes body to conserve water
 No longer thirsty (no more ADH)
 What
does a diuretic do?

When you eat, blood
glucose levels go up

Pancreas senses this and
releases insulin

Insulin tells cells to take
in glucose – so blood
glucose levels drop

When blood glucose drops…
Pancreas senses this and releases
glucagon
 Glucagon tells liver to release glycogen
(glucose)—so blood glucose levels rise
 If you’re out of glycogen, hypothalamus
stimulates your stomach and makes it
growl

In your notebook, work with your partner to
create your own example of a negative
feedback loop.
It does not have to be biological!
Two types
Type I – juvenile onset
Type II – adult-onset
 Pancreas
doesn’t make insulin
 Therefore
 Glucose
cells can’t take in glucose
stays in blood—causes high blood
sugar
 Glucose
appears in urine (not normally there)
 Treatment


strict diet
insulin injections
 You
eat WAY TOO MUCH sugar
 Cells
get overloaded with sugar
 Cells
shut down some insulin receptors, or
receptors don’t work properly
 Therefore
cells no longer get enough glucose
 Treatment
- Diet
 Diabetes
animation