THYROID &
PARATHYROID
Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde
Period 2 Anatomy
Endocrine System
• A collection of glands
• Produce hormones
• Regulates body’s growth
• Metabolism
• Sexual development &function
Glands
Pineal - This is involved
with daily biological cycles
Adrenal - has two parts
1. Influences metabolism
2. Influences part of
Nervous system
Hypothalamus –
Controls involuntary
Body functions
Ovaries & Testicles –
Influence female and
Male characteristics
Pancreas – Controls
Glucose
Parathyroid – Maintains
calcium level
Pituitary – influence various
Other endocrine glands
Thymus – influences the
body’s immune system
Thyroid – heat
production, bone
growth and
the metabolism
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
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Glands are found inside each other
Butterfly shaped gland
Found inside the neck
Less then one once, (parathyroid)
size of a grain of rice
• Thyroid cartilage covers the larynx
• Produces the prominence on the
neck
• This is known as the Adams
Apple
Roles and Functions of the Thyroid &
Parathyroid
• Thyroids:
• Controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients
• Regulates metabolism
• Produces:
• Triiodothyonine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Calcitonin
• Parathyroids:
• Control the calcium in our bodies
• http://www.muschealth.com/video/default.aspx?videoId=1
0158
Triiodothyonine(T3)
• Iodine-rich and fuel metabolism
• Plays a role in growth, metabolism, and development
• Promotes normal growth of bones and increases strength
and respiration.
• Maintain the rate that your body uses fats and
carbohydrates
Thyroxine(T4)
• Regulate the body’s metabolic rate by forming RNA
• Production is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)
• Produced by the Pituitary Gland.
Calcitonin
• Regulates amount of calcium in
blood
• Decrease bone destruction caused
by cancer.
• Benefits disappear shortly after it has
not been taken by the body.
• Produced by the cells of the thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism
oOveractive thyroid
oSwelling of the thyroid
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o
o
o
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Symptoms
Sudden weight loss
o Appetite and amount of food
intake remain the same or
increase.
Rapid heartbeat
Nervous
o Anxiety and irritability
Frequent bowel movements
Sleeping difficulty,
Skin thinning
Hair-fine and brittle
o
o
o
o
o
Causes
Grave’s disease
Toxic adenoma
Plummer’s disease
Thyroiditis
Produces too much T4
Hypothyroidism
o Underactive thyroid
o Glands fails to secrete T3 and T4
o
o
o
o
o
o
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Symptoms
Increased sensitivity to cold
Constipation
Weight gain
Puffy face
Pain, swelling or stiffness in joints
Depression
Impaired memory
Dry skin
Goitre-swelling that results in a bulge
in the neck.
http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/healthinformation/directory/u/underactive-thyroid Animation
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o
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Causes
Autoimmune disease
Hyperthyroidism
treatment
Radiation therapy
Thyroid surgery
Congenital
Iodine deficient
Unique Facts
• Can be tested for hypothyroidism.
• To get rid of hyperthyroidism-use radioactive
iodine/surgery/pills to kill swelling.
• Hypothyroidism can happen to women during or after their
pregnancy.
• 14% of the population has one or two additional thyroid
glands.
• The thyroid gland weighs one ounce
Concept Check
• 1. What is the difference between the Thyroid and the
Parathyroid glands?
• The Thyroid gland: controls the rate at which the body produces
energy from nutrients and regulates metabolism.
• The Parathyroid glands: Regulates the calcium in your body.
• 2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system?
• There are 9 glands
Concept Check Continued
• 3. What is the difference between T3, T4 and calcitonin?
• T3 maintains the rate at which your body uses fats and carbs
• T4 regulates your body’s metabolism by producing RNA
• Calcitonin regulates the amount of calcium in your body.
• 4. List three causes and symptoms for hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidsim.
• Hypothyroidism:
• Causes: Autoimmune disorder, hyperthyroidism treatment, thyroid
surgery
• Symptoms: Increased sensitivity to cold, puffy face and
constipation
• Hyperthyroidism:
• Causes: Grave’s disease, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis
• Symptoms: Weight loss, nervous, and rapid heartbeat
Works Cited
• BUPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health•
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information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid>.
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg/250pxIllu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg