What is the Theory of Evolution?
• Evolution is the change in a population over time
• Scientific theory that all organisms share a common
ancestor.
Explain how continuous investigations by multiple scientists and new scientific
information has influenced theories over time.
Explain the evidence supporting the scientific theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells
(endosymbiosis)
Explain why the scientific theory of evolution is supported through various disciplines
and evidence, such as:
fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography,
molecular biology, and observed changes over time.
Be able to discuss the use of molecular clocks to estimate how long ago various groups of
organisms diverged evolutionarily from one another.
Describe scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth, such as those posed by:
Miller and Urey, and Pasteur
Identify conditions contributing to the origin of life on Earth, such as:
organic molecule synthesis, Earth’s early atmosphere, primordial soup
Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors, from six million years
ago to present, including: brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacturing of tools
Students will:
Describe the conditions required for natural selection that result in differential
reproductive success, including:
overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive
Describe how biological diversity is increased by the origin to new species and how the
natural processes of extinction decrease it.
Explain how biological diversity is increased by the emergence of new species and
decreased by natural selection
Discuss mechanisms of change other than natural selection, such as:
genetic drift, gene flow, and non‐random mating
Explain how mutation and genetic recombination increases genetic variation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
cC8k2Sb1oQ8
Bozeman Science video on Evolution
What is the Theory of Evolution?
• Evolution is the change in a population over time
• Scientific theory that all organisms share a
common ancestor.
List 5 pieces of evidence and explain how
it supports the Theory of Evolution.
1. Anatomical Evidence
a. Homologous Structures
b. Analogous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
2. Fossil Evidence
3. DNA Evidence
4. Embryological Evidence
5. Artificial Selection
Evolution
Hominid skull evolution
SC.912.L.15.1
Theory of Evolution
• Key Vocabulary: continental drift, embryology,
evidence, evolution, fossil, genetic drift, gene
flow, homologous structures, observations,
species, natural selection, theory, speciation,
vestigial structures
Biology Review L.15.13 – Natural Selection
Describe the conditions required for natural selection,
including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation,
and the struggle to survive, which result in differential
reproductive success.
• Explain and/or describe the conditions required for
natural selection that result in differential
reproductive success.
• Explain and/or describe the scientific mechanisms,
such as genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom
mating, resulting in evolutionary change.
• Explain and/or describe how mutation and genetic
recombination increase genetic variation
What are the principles of natural
selection?
1. Over production of offspring (lots of babies)
2. Offspring have variation in traits
3. Some traits are better suited to the
environment than others (struggle to
survive/competition)
4. Organisms with better traits survive and
reproduce
Biology Review L.15.13 – Natural Selection
Describe the conditions required for natural selection,
including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation,
and the struggle to survive, which result in differential
reproductive success.
• Explain and/or describe the conditions required for
natural selection that result in differential
reproductive success.
• Explain and/or describe the scientific mechanisms,
such as genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom
mating, resulting in evolutionary change.
• Explain and/or describe how mutation and genetic
recombination increase genetic variation
How do mechanisms like genetic drift, gene
flow and nonrandom mating result in
evolutionary change?
• Genetic drift- Random event that could happen
regardless of how “good” your genes are.
– Ex: Stepping on an ant
• Gene flow- Immigration/Emigration; movement
of genes to a new population
• Nonrandom mating- Decreases genetic
variation= less chance of surviving an
environmental change.
How do mutation and genetic
recombination increase genetic variation?
• Mutation and genetic recombination increase
genetic variation because they create new
DNA sequences and combination
Natural Selection
• Key Vocabulary: adaptation, biodiversity,
diversity, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation,
offspring, reproductive isolation, species,
natural selection, theory, speciation,
subspecies, variation
Biology Review L.15.8 – Origin of Life on Earth
Describe the scientific explanations of the
origin of life on Earth
• Identify examples of and basic trends in
hominid evolution from early ancestors to
modern humans.
• Describe scientific explanations for the origin
of life on Earth.
• Identify situations or conditions contributing
to the origin of life on Earth.
How have hominids changed from through
evolution from early ancestors to modern
humans?
• Skull has increased in size.
• Jaw has gotten smaller.
• Use of tools, fire, and creation of a complex
language
What evidence do we use to show this
change?
• Fossil evidence and DNA evidence
How do scientists explain the origin of life on earth?
• Chemical evolution is the theory
that life started from organic
molecules.
• The Miller-Urey experiment
showed that organic molecules
could be created from chemicals
in early Earth’s atmosphere. After
these organic molecules were
formed they came together to
make cells.
What situations and conditions contributed
to the origin of life on earth?
• Early earth had ammonia, water vapor,
methane, and carbon dioxide.
– Inorganic molecules were present.
– It was hot and had a lot of lighting.
Origin of Life
• Key Vocabulary: hominid, organic molecules
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SCjhI86grU
Natural Selection - Evolution